Lesson 4- Mutation

Question 1

what is a mutation?

Answer 1

changes in the dna sequence cause by various mechanisms (radiation, incorrect repilcation, chemicals). human mutations are products of natural selection and give variety to life (benefit or risk)

Question 2

substitution mutation

Answer 2

one nucleotide replaces another (silent, missense, nonsense). anemia is an example GAG to GUG

Question 3

silent mutation

Answer 3

one nucleotide replaces another without changing the amino acid, AUU to AUC

Question 4

missense mutation

Answer 4

one nucleotide replaces another changing the amino acid, GAC TO GAA

Question 5

nonsense mutation

Answer 5

one nucleotide replaces another resulting in a stop codon, UAC to UAG

Question 6

point mutation

Answer 6

a change in a single nucleotide within a gene, small scale mutation (substitution, insertsion, deletion, inversion)

Question 7

frameshift mutations

Answer 7

changes the entire reading frame of mrna (deletion, insertion). chrons is insertion of c.

Question 8

deletion mutation

Answer 8

removal of base pair of large coding region from dna sequence. it will change the polypeptide and likely remove crucial proteins

Question 9

translocation mutation

Answer 9

entire genes or groups are moved from one chromosome to another. results in entirely new gene and polypeptide chain

Question 10

inversion mutation

Answer 10

one or more genes in dna reverse its direction in the genome. only results in loss of genetic material if the break occurs in the middle of the coding sequence

Question 11

insertion mutation

Answer 11

addition of nucleotides

Question 12

spontaneous mutations

Answer 12

caused by error in dna replication

Question 13

induced mutation

Answer 13

caused by environmental agent; mutagen

Question 14

mutagen

Answer 14

enivornmental agent that directly alters dna in a cell (chemicals and radiation)