LESSON 7

Question 1

Chemical reactions occur naturally BUT can be very slow

Answer 1

Catalysts

Question 2

The reaction may require a lot of energy to break and form bonds to create the product

Answer 2

Catalysts

Question 3

How to speed up the reaction:

Answer 3

Add heat
Add more reactants
Introduce a catalyst

Question 4

Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by

Answer 4

lowering the activation energy

Question 5

Minimum energy required for a reaction to begin

Answer 5

Activation Energy (EA)

Question 6

Biological catalysts and mostly Specialized proteins

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Enzymes usually naming process

Answer 7

(Substrate/ Chemical Process) + “ase”

Question 8

enzyme works on; the reactant

Answer 8

Substrate

Question 9

specific area where the substrate binds to the enzyme is

Answer 9

Active Site

Question 10

have ONE ACTIVE SITE and AMINO ACID only binds to SPECIFIC substrate due to its 3d structure

Answer 10

Enzymes

Question 11

A + B -> D

Answer 11

slow rxn

Question 12

A + B + C (catalyst) -> D + C

Answer 12

fast rxn

Question 13

unique amino acids present in an enzymes’s active site means only SPECIFIC substrates can bind to the active site.

Answer 13

Lock-and-key Model

Question 14

The enzyme shifts it’s shape slightly to fit with the substrate

Answer 14

Induced fit Model

Question 15

Types of Enzymes

Answer 15

Metabolic enzyme
Digestive enzyme
Food enzyme

Question 16

Responsible for biochemical processes

Answer 16

Metabolic enzyme

Question 17

Responsible for breaking polymers to monomers; Aids in digesting and absorbing monomers

Answer 17

Digestive enzyme

Question 18

Enzymes found in food and can only be obtained externally

Answer 18

Food enzyme

Question 19

any molecule that binds to an enzyme for it to activate / improve its function

Answer 19

Cofactor

Question 20

Organic molecules that binds loosely to an enzyme for it to activate / improve its function

Answer 20

Coenzyme

Question 21

Increasing temperature, increases rate of enzyme activity & vice-versa BUT too much heat leads to denaturation of enyzme

Answer 21

Temperature

Question 22

Temperatures BEYOND the enzyme’s optimum temp. can lead to

Answer 22

denaturation

Question 23

Enzymes are most active at

Answer 23

Optimal Temperature

Question 24

How does higher temp = more enzyme activity?

Answer 24

1.Higher temp = more heat energy
2.More heat energy = enyzmes and substrate moves faster
3.Enyzmes and substrate moves faster = more collisions between them
4.More collisions = Higher chances for the reaction to occur

Question 25

enzymes work best at an optimal pH (usually neutral ph;

Answer 25

ph=7

Question 26

when:
substrate concentration > enzyme concentration

Answer 26

rate of enzyme activity becomes constant

Question 27

Increase of substrate concentration increases rate of enzyme activity UP TO A POINT

Answer 27

Concentration

Question 28

Enzyme antagonists; Found naturally or artificially; inhibition is essential.

Answer 28

Inhibitors

Question 29

When product concentration is in excess, the product of an enzymatic reaction inhibits the enzyme for making more products

Answer 29

Feedback Inhibitions

Question 30

Types of Inhibitors

Answer 30

Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Uncompetitive inhibitor

Question 31

• similar structure to substrate
• inhibitor binds to the active site

Answer 31

Competitive Inhibitors

Question 32

-binds to another site known as allosteric site
- causes structure change

Answer 32

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Question 33

Inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex; preventing product formation

Answer 33

Uncompetetive Inhibitors