LESSON 7 Flashcards
Is a process where diploid cells undergo cell division and differentiation through meiosis to form haploid gametes or sex cells.
gametogenesis
Where does Gametogenesis takes place?
Usually takes place in the reproductive organ of the body
Usually takes place in the reproductive organ of the body.
________ germ cells found in the reproductive organs undergo growth and development to eventually become sex cell.
Primordial or undifferentiated
2 types of gametogenesis
spermatogenesis, oogenesis
is a process of sperm formation.
spermatogenesis
is a hormonally controlled process that begins in males at the age of puberty.
spermatogenesis
Inside the testes are the numerous thin and tightly coiled seminiferous tubules with immature cells called _________, which develop into mature sperm as the process goes on.
spermatogonia
_____ cells that abound along the inner walls of the tubules help nourish the immature germ cells by providing them nutrients and blood products
Sertoli
As the immature cells develop into _______, ___________, ______ and finally into ______, they are transported closer to the ___________ , and into the _________
primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes->spermatids-> sperm cells
lumen of seminiferous tubules -> epididymis
Each haploid sperm cell is produced from _________ that undergoes the process of spermatogenesis thus, making them different from an ordinary somatic cell.
diploid primordial cell
In human males, a haploid chromosome number is composed of _______ and ______________________
22 autosomal chromosomes; other one sex chromosomes either X or Y.
is the process of egg formation.
oogenesis
similarly, in the ovaries of a female, at the start of puberty, oogenesis take place
oogenesis
Inside the ovaries are the primordial cells called _____.
ooginia
Inside the ovaries are the primordial cells called ooginia. These mature and develop into __________, __________, ootids, and finally into __________
primary oocytes -> secondary oocytes -> ovum or egg cell.
As the process continues, the chromosome of the original primordial cell is reduced to half of the original number, thus, making the cell ________ after the whole process.
haploid
In human females, the haploid number consist of _______ and ____________.
22 autosomal chromosomes ; one sex chromosomal, the X chromosome
_______ - is a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome number 21.
Down syndrome
The extra chromosome is associated with delays in the child’s mental and physical development, as well as an increased risk for health problems.
down syndrome
___________ is caused by a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21
Down syndrome
Down syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. The type of error is called ____________.
nondisjunction
trisomy 21 - extra chromosome 21
down syndrome
eyes slanting upward
down syndrome
trisomy 18 - extra chromosome 18
edward’s syndrome
Children with _________ have 3 copies of part or all of chromosome 18, instead of the usual 2 copies.
Edwards syndrome
This can be caused by a mistake in the formation of the egg or sperm, or the problem can arise while the baby is developing in the womb.
edwards sydrome or trisomy 18
Symptoms of __________ typically include poor growth before and after birth, multiple birth defects and severe developmental delays or learning problems.
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
oblique fissures
down syndrome
white spots on iris
down syndrome
low muscle tone
down syndrome
low stature with short neck
down syndrome
flat nasal bridge
down syndrome
protruding tongue
down syndrome
large space between the large and second toe
down syndrome
unusually small head
edwards syndrome
back of the head is prominent
edwards syndrome
ears are malformed
edwards syndrome
mouth and jaw are small and sometimes have cleft palate
edwards syndrome
hands are clenched into fists
edwards syndrome
clubfeet
edwards syndrome
_______is a serious, rare genetic disorder caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 13 in some or all of the body’s cells.
Patau’s syndrome
trisomy 13
patau’s syndrome
kidney, heart malformation
patau’s syndrome
polydactyly
patau’s synrdrome
a condition that affects only females,
Turner syndrome,
_____________ results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.
Turner syndrome,
_____________ can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop and heart defects.
Turner syndrome
occurs when part or all of an X chromosome is missing from most or all of the cells in a girl’s body.
Turner syndrome
monosomy x
turner syndrome
is where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.
Klinefelter syndrome (sometimes called Klinefelter’s, KS or XXY)
Low sperm count or no sperm.
Small testicles and penis.
Low sex drive.
Taller than average height.
Weak bones.
Decreased facial and body hair.
Less muscular compared with other men.
Enlarged breast tissue.
klinefelter syndrome
Trisomy X, also called _________
triple X syndrome or 47,XXX
is characterized by the presence of an additional X chromosome in each of a female’s cells.
Trisomy X, also called triple X syndrome or 47,XXX,
XYY syndrome, also known as__________, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome
Jacobs syndrome
, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome
XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome
here are usually few symptoms. These may include being taller than average and an increased risk of learning disabilities.
XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome
supermales
tall above 6ft
act normal
high levels of testosterone
puberty-slender
fertile
XYY syndrome/Jacob’s syndrome
