LESSON 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

in 1950 Zacharias Janssen invented the

A

microscope

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2
Q

while looking at the piece of cork under the microscope Robert Hooke saw box-shaped structures that he called

A

cell

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3
Q

in 1674 anton van Leeuwenhoek (father of microbiology) while looking at a pond water under the microscope, observed what he called

A

animalcules

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4
Q

in 1838, Mathias schleiden a germal botanist, stated that plants are made up of

A

cells

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5
Q

in 1839 Theodor Schwann a German physiologist conclude that animals are also made up of

A

cells

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6
Q

in 1855 Rudolf Virchow stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through

A

cell division

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7
Q

the 19th century contains 3 postulates and these are:

A

1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
3. Cells come from pre- existing cells.

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8
Q

there were 3 added postulates to the cell theory due to the modernization

A

4. Cell carry genetic material which is passed from one cell to another during cell division .
5. All cells are basically the same in structure and chemical composition.
6. Energy flow ( biochemical processes )
occurs within cells

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9
Q

literally means little organs

A

organelles

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10
Q

specialized structures found within the cell which perform specific function vital to a a cell's life

A

organelles

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11
Q

a thin double layer of protein and fat

A

cell membrane

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12
Q

separates the inner contents of the cell with its environment

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

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14
Q

Security guard

A

cell membrane

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15
Q

a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells made up mostly of cellulose

A

cell wall

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16
Q

gives the cell protection, support, and structure

A

cell wall

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17
Q

a membrane-bound spherical body discovered by Robert Brown in 1831

A

nucleus

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18
Q

stores the cell's DNA

A

nucleus

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19
Q

controls and regulates cell activities

A

nucleus

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20
Q

controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

nucleus

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21
Q

brain of the cell

A

nucleus

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22
Q

a spherical body found inside the nucleus

A

nucleolus

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23
Q

•produces and assembles ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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24
Q

a large complex of protein and RNA

A

ribosome

25
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

26
Q

Protein factory

A

ribosome

27
Q

a double-membraned, rod-shaped organelle

A

mitochondria

28
Q

has its own DNA

A

mitochondria

29
Q

•produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

mitochondria

30
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

31
Q

a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

Subway system

A

endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

with ribosomes attached to its surface

A

rough er

34
Q

•modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes

A

rough er

35
Q

•makes phospholipids for cellular membranes

A

rough er

36
Q

•no attached ribosomes

A

smooth er

37
Q

production of carbohydrates, lipids and steroids

A

smooth er

38
Q

•detoxification of drugs and toxins

A

smooth er

39
Q

•storage of calcium ions

A

smooth er

40
Q

a series of flattened, sac- like membranes that resembles a stack of pancakes

A

golgi body

41
Q

sort, tag, package and distribute lipids and proteins

A

golgi body

42
Q

mailman

A

golgi body

43
Q

•spherical bodies containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosome

44
Q

digests cellular nutrients

A

lysosome

45
Q

breaks down worn-out or damaged organelles

A

lysosome

46
Q

cell aids in apoptosis (programmed cell death)

A

lysosome

47
Q

Garbage collector

A

lysosome

48
Q

a long, disc-shaped organelle containing the pigment chlorophyll

A

chlorophlast

49
Q

site of photosynthesis

A

chlorophlast

50
Q

cafeteria of the cell

A

lysosome

51
Q

a large space within the cell that is enclosed in a membrane and filled with fluid

A

vacuole

52
Q

maintains water balance

A

vacuole

53
Q

•maintains cell shape

A

vacuole

54
Q

plant cell stores nutrients and waste products

A

vacuole

55
Q

• a network of protein filaments or fibers

A

cytoskeleton

56
Q

Types: microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

A

cytoskeleton

57
Q

provides shape and structure
• movement

A

cytoskeleton

58
Q

involved spindle formation during cell division

A

cytoskeleton