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Gen Bio 1 > LESSON 4 > Flashcards

LESSON 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living things grow by producing _____, NOT because each cell increases in size

A

more cells,

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2
Q

____ of damaged tissue

A

Repair

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3
Q

If cell gets too ___, it cannot get enough ____ into the cell and wastes out of the cell

A

big ; nutrients

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4
Q

Many organisms, especially ____ organisms, reproduce by means of cell division – called asexual reproduction

A

unicellular

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5
Q

Many organisms, especially unicellular organisms, reproduce by means of cell division – called ____ reproduction

A

asexual

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6
Q

DNA is located in the ____ and controls all cell activities including cell division

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Long and thread-like DNA in a non-dividing cell is called _____

A

chromatin

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8
Q

Doubled, coiled, short DNA in a dividing cell is called _____

A

chromosome

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9
Q

2 identical “sister” chromatids attached at an area in the middle called a _____

A

centromere

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10
Q

Why does DNA need to change from chromatin to chromosome?

A

More efficient division

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11
Q

Every organism has its own specific number of ____

A

chromosomes

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12
Q

Human = ___ chromosomes or ___ pairs

A

46 ; 23

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13
Q

Dog = __ chromosomes or pairs

A

78; 39

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14
Q

Goldfish = __ chromosomes or pairs

A

94 - 47

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15
Q

Lettuce = ___ chromosomes or ___ pairs

A

18; 9

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16
Q

All ______) cells in an organism have the same kind and number of chromosomes

A

somatic (body

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17
Q

______ – series of events cells go through as they grow and divide

A

Cell Cycle

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18
Q

Cell grows, prepares for division, then divides to form 2 daughter cells

A

cell cycle

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19
Q

Interphase

A

G1 Phase
S(synthesis) Phase
G2 Phase

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20
Q

M(Mitotic) Phase

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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21
Q

period of cell growth and development

A

interphase

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22
Q

Where the cell spends most of its time the whole cell cycle

A

interphase

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23
Q

During ___ the cell also grows, carries out normal cell activities, replicates all other organelles

A

Interphase

24
Q

first gap

A

G1 phase

25
Q

Cell increase in size and volume

A

G1 phase

26
Q

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes are produced in preparation for S and M phase

A

G1 PHASE

27
Q

DNA replication stage

A

s phase

28
Q

Synthesis of DNA

A

s phase

29
Q

DNA that will be passed on the daughter cells in M phase is replicated

A

s phase

30
Q

Second gap

A

G2 Phase

31
Q

Replenishment of energy and synthesis of Tubuline Dimers are produced

A

G2 Phase

32
Q

Replenishment of energy and synthesis of Tubuline Dimers are produced

A

G2 Phase

33
Q

Preparation for cell division

A

G2 Phase

34
Q

division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes

A

mitosis

35
Q

____ occurs in all the somatic (body) cells

A

Mitosis

36
Q

Why does mitosis occur?

A

So each new daughter cell has nucleus with a complete set of chromosomes

37
Q

Chromosomes coil up

A

prophase

38
Q

Nuclear envelope disappears

A

prophase

39
Q

Spindle fibers form

A

prophase

40
Q

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

A

metaphase

41
Q

Spindle fibers connect to chromosomes

A

metaphase

42
Q

Chromosome copies divide

A

anaphase

43
Q

Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite poles

A

anaphase

44
Q

Chromosomes uncoil

A

telophase

45
Q

Nuclear envelopes form

A

telophase

46
Q

2 new nuclei are formed

A

telophase

47
Q

Spindle fibers disappear

A

telophase

48
Q

_____ — the division of the rest of the cell (cytoplasm and organelles) after the nucleus divides

A

Cytokinesis

49
Q

In animal cells the cytoplasm pinches in, _____ form.

A

cleavage furrow

50
Q

In plant cells a _____ forms

A

cell plate

51
Q

After mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell returns to ______ to continue to grow and perform regular cell activities

A

Interphase

52
Q

•____ controls all cell activities including cell division

A

DNA

53
Q

•Some cells lose their ability to control their rate of cell division – the DNA of these cells has become damaged or changed

A

mutation

54
Q

•These super-dividing cells form masses called ____

A

tumors

55
Q

____ tumors are not cancerous – these cells do not spread to other parts of the body

A

Benign

56
Q

•_____ tumors are cancerous – these cells break loose and can invade and destroy healthy tissue in other parts of the body (called metastasis)

A

Malignant

57
Q

these cells break loose and can invade and destroy healthy tissue in other parts of the body

A

matastasis

Gen Bio 1 (8 decks)

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