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Quarter 1: Earth and Life Science > Lesson 6: Types of Rocks and their Properties > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Types of Rocks and their Properties Flashcards

1
Q

Earth is a solid rock to a depth of

A

2,900 kilometers

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2
Q

a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals.

A

rock

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3
Q

The
aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by

A

chemical bonds

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4
Q

the scientific study of rocks

A

petrology

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5
Q

how are rocks classified

A

based on how they were formed

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6
Q

three types of rocks

A

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock

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7
Q

formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that
originates deep within the earth.

A

Igneous

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8
Q

two types of igneous rock

A

extrusive/volcanic and intrusive/plutonic

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9
Q

forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface
as lava and then cools.

A

extrusive/volcanic

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10
Q

the crystals of extrusive/volcanic rocks are:

A

very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is fast

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11
Q

It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma.

A

intrusive/plutonic rock

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12
Q

the crystals of intrusive/plutonic rocks are:

A

very large (coarse grained)

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13
Q

igneous rocks are classified based on

A

composition and texture

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14
Q

four types of igneous rock composition

A

FELSIC, MAFIC, INTERMEDIATE, and ULTRAMAFIC

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15
Q

light in color; feldspar and silicates

A

FELSIC

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16
Q

dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron

A

MAFIC

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17
Q

between mafic and felsic

A

INTERMEDIATE

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18
Q

very dark color

A

ULTRAMAFIC

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19
Q

overall appearance of rock

A

texture

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20
Q

fine grained

A

aphanistic

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21
Q

coarse grained

A

phaneritic

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22
Q

large crystals with small crystals

A

porphyritic

23
Q

non-ordered solid from rapid quenching

A

glassy

24
Q

composite of ejected fragments

A

pyroclastic

25
Q

provide information about surface conditions that existed in the
Earth’s past.

A

sedimentary rocks

26
Q

Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called

A

sediments

27
Q

due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together to form

A

sedimentary rocks

28
Q

three types of sedimentary rocks

A

clastic, chemical, and organic

29
Q

formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken
rocks and shells.

A

clastic sedimentary rock

30
Q

formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution

A

chemical sedimentary rock

31
Q

rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris

A

organic sedimentary rocks

32
Q

formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.

A

halite

33
Q

composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.

A

coal

34
Q

forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous,
sedimentary

A

metamorphic rocks

35
Q

transformation of one rock type into another.

A

metamorphism

36
Q

two types of metamorphism

A

regional and contact

37
Q

mainly by heat due to contact with magma

A

contact

38
Q

due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the crust

A

regional

39
Q

two classifications of metamorphism

A

texture and foliation

40
Q

refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock

A

texture

41
Q

any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within the rock

A

foliation

42
Q

appeared banded or layered, contains crystals

A

foliated

43
Q

made up of only a few minerals

A

non-foliated

44
Q

are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth.

A

igneous rocks

45
Q

are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons.

A

sedimentary rocks

46
Q

formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.

A

metamorphic rocks

47
Q

four steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks

A

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation

48
Q

particles are carried away by wind or water

A

erosion

49
Q

loosely packed sediments

A

deposition

50
Q

closely packed sediments

A

compaction

51
Q

tightly packed sediments

A

cementation

52
Q

rock cycle

A

magma > intrusion or eruption > igneous > weathering,erosion, transport, deposition > sedimentary > heat and/or pressure > metamorphic > burial and extreme heat

53
Q

what parts of the rock cycle are connected

A
  • igneous > magma
  • igneous > metamorphic
  • metamorphic > sedimentary

Quarter 1: Earth and Life Science (13 decks)

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