lesson 6 drugs affecting respiratory system Flashcards
most common patient presentation in the prehospital setting?
respiratory distress
what needs to be done for IN drugs to work
adequate RR
adequate TV
adequate lung compliance
what tidal volume
volume of air inhaled/exhaled in a single breath
minute volume
TV x RR
whats asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the air way
mucosal lining thickens and decreases airway diameter
how to manage a bronchospasm?
with bronchodilators
B1 receptors
^ HR + myocardial contractility
B2 receptors
relax smooth muscles
selective B2 agonists
will smooth muscle relaxation with little to no systematic effects
therefore they can be given at multiple times/or continuously ex ventolin
most commonly used medication in the prehospital field
OXYGEN
room air is 21% O2
oxygen delivery devices
nasal cannula (NC) at 6Lpm is capable of 35-45% FiO2
simple mask
mixed with room air
6-10Lpm FiO2 is 30-60%
rebreathe
10Lpm FiO2 is 60%
nonrebreathe
12-15Lpm FiO2 is 100%
salbutamol aka ventolin
Beta 2 agonist
used when patients have respiratory distress ex COPD/asthma
contraindications are hypersensitivity
adverse reactions include tremors, dizziness and tachycardia
onset 5-15min
duration 6-6hours
can be delivered by MDI and nebulizer mask
ipratropium
anticholinergic causes bronchodilation
onset varies
duration 4-6 hours
for patients in respiratory distress
contraindications are hypersensitivity/not used in the acute phase
precautions use in elderly, HD, hypertension
side effects include dizziness/anxiety/headache
what drug is a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium
combivent!
mast cell degranulation
bodies response to an allergen
located on mast cells and releases histamine
how many histamine receptors
4!
H1-H4
antihistamine function
prevent histamines from meeting histamine receptors
antiallergic agents function
prevent the release of histamine from mast cells
effects of histamine
hives
bronchoconstriction
decreased BP
rapid HR
Antihistamine H1 Antagonists
used to treat allergic reactions when histamine was already released
how do antihistamine H1 antagonists work?
how many generations?
they block histamine from binding to H1 receptors
2 generations
antihistamine H1 antagonist (allergy med) indications
itching
hay fever
dermatitis
antihistamine H1 antagonist routes
oral
topical
antihistamine H1 antagonist adverse effects
rapid heartbeat
epigastric distress
urinary retention
antihistamine H1 antagonists contras
hypersensitivity
pregnancy/nursing
infants
CNS depression
t/f antihistamines antagonists are common in over the counters analgesic and cough meds
t!
