lesson 5 chapters 25-27 missing 27 Flashcards
indications for diuretics
anuria
hypertension
edema
what do all diuretics produce?
diuresis
prevent water and sodium from being reabsorbed into the kidneys
intensity can vary
urine formation processes
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
oliguria
decreased urine flow
anuria
no urine output
where are ions and nutrients reabsorbed
glomerulus
where is water reabsorbed
proximal convulsed tubules and collecting ducts
indications for diuretics
treatment of anuria and oliguria renal failure OD cerebral edema localized swelling and pressure
how are osmotic diuretics administered
IV
osmotic diuretics MOA
create an osmotic gradient to prevent water reabsorption
osmotic diuretics adverse effects
nausea
dizziness
headache
chills
loop diuretics
relieves edema
manages ascites
loop diuretics MOA
prevent Na and Cl ion transport in the loop of henle
loop diuretics adverse effects
nausea, hyperglycaemia, hypotension, hypokalemia
contra - anuria, electrolyte depletion
K sparing diuretics
control potassium depletion
K sparing diuretics MOA
inhibit potassium secretion in the distal convulsed tubules
K sparing adverse effects
nausea, diarrhea, hyperkalemia
ADH
regulates water balance by controlling water loss
ADH adverse effects
changes in electrolyte and acid/base balance
hypokalemia
dehydration
OD = exaggerated clinical effects
CO = ?
HR x SV
peripheral resistance (PR)
friction arteries/arterioles have against blood flow
increased by vasoconstriction
BP = ?
what can affect the reading?
CO x PR
high sodium intake, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise
what do the kidneys have to do with increased BP
decreased renal blood flow activates renin angiotensin aldosterone which causes vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention
antihypersensitive therapy
lowers BP and life expectancy
t/f hypertension increases parasympathetic activation
F!
sympathetic activation!
calcium channel blockers
produce arteriolar vasodilation
drugs that reduce activity of angiotensin 2
renin inhibitors
ACE inhibitors
hypertension treatment that’s mild/moderate
diuretics and beta blockers
hypertension and renal disease treatment
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
what treatments is best for someone with ischemic heart disease or cardiac arrhythmias
calcium channel blockers or beta blockers
when to use adrenergic blocking drugs
with patients with excessive sympathetic activation
