Lesson 6&7

Question 1

the underlying organization, structure and nomenclature that define the relationships between a site’s content/functionality
The_ is not part of the on-screen user interface (UI) — rather, IA informs UI. The_ is documented in spreadsheets and diagrams, not in wireframes, comprehensive layouts (known as comps), or prototypes.

Answer 1

INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE

Question 2

A website’s (or intranet’s) information architecture has two main components:

Answer 2

identification and definition of site content and functionality

Question 3

IA is the 1_ backbone of the site; 2_ refers to those elements in the UI that allow users to reach specific information on the site.

Answer 3

information
navigation

Question 4

Key elements of information architecture include:

Answer 4

Organization Systems
Navigation Systems
Labeling Systems
Search Systems

Question 5

How content is grouped and categorized (e.g., by topic, task, or audience).

Answer 5

Organization Systems

Question 6

How users browse or move through the content (e.g., menus, search bars, links).

Answer 6

Navigation Systems

Question 7

How content is named and represented to users.

Answer 7

Labeling Systems

Question 8

How users find content via search functions.

Answer 8

Search Systems

Question 9

The activities undertaken in defining an information architecture involve:

Answer 9

Content inventory
Content audit
Information grouping
Taxonomy development
Descriptive information creation

Question 10

Examination of a website to locate and identify existing site content

Answer 10

Content inventory

Question 11

Evaluation of content usefulness, accuracy, tone of voice, and overall effectiveness

Answer 11

Content audit

Question 12

Definition of user-centered relationships between content

Answer 12

Information grouping

Question 13

Definition of a standardized naming convention (controlled vocabulary) to apply to all site content. how information is grouped, classified and labeled within a shared information environment.

Answer 13

Taxonomy development

Question 14

Definition of useful metadata that can be utilized to generate “Related Link” lists or other navigation components that aid discovery

Answer 14

Descriptive information creation

Question 15

A _ is a collection of user interface components. The primary goal of navigation is to help users find information and functionality, and encourage them to take desirable actions. Navigation components include global navigation, local navigation, utility navigation, breadcrumbs, filters, facets, related links, footers, fat footers, and so on.

Answer 15

Website Navigation

Question 16

Examples of navigation components:

Answer 16

1) utility navigation;
2) global navigation;
3) breadcrumb trail;
4) local navigation;
5) related links (in this case, articles and blog posts);
6) fat footer.

Question 17

Found at the top of the page, this area typically includes links to help users access tools like login, search, language selection, or user settings. It’s less about content navigation and more about site-wide features.

Answer 17

Utility Navigation

Question 18

This includes the primary navigation menu, often a bar or set of links that guide users to the main sections of the website (e.g., Home, About, Products, Services). It appears on every page of the site and provides access to core content.

Answer 18

Global Navigation

Question 19

Provide a navigational aid, showing the path users took to arrive at the current page. It typically appears near the top of the page and helps users understand their location within the site’s hierarchy.

Answer 19

Breadcrumb Trail

Question 20

Specific to the current section or page, this allows users to move between related content. For instance, within a product section, it might let users navigate between different products or subcategories.

Answer 20

Local Navigation

Question 21

This area suggests additional content that is relevant to the current page. These links could point to articles, blog posts, or other resources that are contextually related to the user’s current view.

Answer 21

Related Links (Articles/Blog Posts)

Question 22

Refers to a larger-than-usual footer at the bottom of the page. It typically includes a site map, contact information, social media links, and sometimes links to important pages like Terms of Service or Privacy Policy. It’s often used to provide additional navigational tools and site-wide information.

Answer 22

Fat Footer

Question 23

For each navigation component, a series of decisions must be made:

Answer 23

Usage Priority
Placement
Pattern

Question 24

How much will users rely on this navigation component? For example, will users primarily navigate the site using local navigation? Or are they likely to more heavily rely on related links?

Answer 24

Usage Priority

Question 25

On which pages should it be present? Where should it be placed within the page layout grid (e.g., top, left, right, bottom)?

Answer 25

Placement

Question 26

Which navigation design _ best support findability and discoverability — tabs, megamenus, carousels, accordions, and so on?

Answer 26

Pattern

Question 27

Are an important set of ideas for any designer to learn and their implementation can greatly improve the aesthetics of a design as well as its functionality and user-friendliness.

Answer 27

Gestalt principles

Question 28

The _principle states that people instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background. They either stand out prominently in the front (the figure) or recede into the back (the ground).

Answer 28

Figure-ground

Question 29

The principle of _states that when things appear to be similar to each other, we group them together. And we also tend to think they have the same function.

Answer 29

Similarity

Question 30

The principle of _states that things that are close together appear to be more related than things that are spaced farther apart.

Answer 30

Proximity

Question 31

The principle of _ is highly related to proximity. It states that when objects are located within the same closed region, we perceive them as being grouped together.

Answer 31

Common region

Question 32

The principle of _states that elements that are arranged on a line or curve are perceived to be more related than elements not on the line or curve.

Answer 32

Continuity

Question 33

The principle of _ states that when we look at a complex arrangement of visual elements, we tend to look for a single, recognizable pattern.

Answer 33

Closure

Question 34

The _ principle states that whatever stands out visually will capture and hold the viewer’s attention first.

Answer 34

Focal point

Question 35

Refers to making websites, apps, and other digital content usable by all users, regardless of innate ability. According to the W3C, web _ “means that websites, tools, and technologies are designed and developed so that people with disabilities can use them.” Generally, _ is discussed in reference to users with disabilities, but _ can benefit all users by making things simpler and more intuitive.

Answer 35

Accessibility

Question 36

Refers to designing digital environments so they can be used by as many people as possible. Adobe defines _ as design “that considers the full range of human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age and other forms of human difference.” Generally, _ is discussed in broader strokes around diversity and inclusion (D&I) goals.

Answer 36

Inclusive design (ID)

Question 37

KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN

Answer 37

1. Accessibility is a goal; inclusive design is a way to get there. 2. Accessibility is (largely) standardized. 3. Accessibility supports users with disabilities; inclusive design focuses on more broad inclusivity (e.g., language, diverse circumstances). 4. Accessibility is one of many outcomes of inclusive design.