Lesson 5.3

Question 1

criss cross

Question 2

● group 1A elements: +1 charge
● group 2A elements: +2 charge
● group 3A elements: +3 charge
● group 4A elements: C, Si, and Ge rarely form cations, while Sn and Pb can form
multiple ions
● group 5A elements: -3 charge
● group 6A elements: -2 charge
● group 7A elements: -1 charge

Question 3

for metals:charge state = _

Answer 3

group member

Question 4

for nonmetals:charge state = _

Answer 4

group member - 8

Question 5

● cadmium: Cd
2+
● chromium: Cr
2+
, Cr
3+
● cobalt: Co
2+
, Co
3+
● copper: Cu
+
, Cu
2+
● gold: Au
+
, Au
3+
● iron: Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
● manganese: Mn
2+
● mercury: Hg2
2+
, Hg
2+
● nickel: Ni
2+
, Ni
3+
● platinum: Pt
2+
, Pt
4+
● silver: Ag
+
● zinc: Zn
2+

Answer 5

some Transition elements

Question 6

Ionic compounds that are composed of monatomic ions are called binary compounds

Question 7

Polyatomic ions are charged chemical species composed of two
or more atoms that are covalently bonded to each other.

Question 8

are compounds with three or more types of elements. Usually, it
contains either a polyatomic cation or a polyatomic anion or both.

Answer 8

Polyatomic compounds

Question 9

are ions that contain both
a nonmetal element and oxygen

Answer 9

oxoanions

Question 10

Oxoanions are named by appending the suffix -ate to the element’s stem name.

Question 11

If the nonmetal can form two oxyanions by varying the number of
oxygens present, then the one with a lower number of oxygen atoms is appended with the
suffix -ite.

Question 12

● The oxoanion with the lowest number of oxygen atoms is appended with the prefix
hypo- and the suffix -ite (e.g. ClO
-
is called hypochlorite).
● The next oxoanion with one more oxygen atom is appended with the suffix -ite
without the prefix hypo- (e.g. ClO2
-
is called chlorite).
● The next oxoanion with one more oxygen atom is appended with the suffix -ate (e.g.
ClO3
-
is called chlorate).
● The oxoanion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms is appended with the prefix
per- and the suffix -ate (e.g. ClO4
-
is called perchlorate).

Question 13

In naming polyatomic compounds, the same rules are applied: the cation is named first,
followed by the anion. Thus, Na2SO3
is called sodium sulfite while Na2SO4
is called sodium
sulfate. In a similar way, CuSO4
is called copper (II) sulfate or cupric sulfate.

Question 14

For binary acids, the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are appended to the stem name of the
element. Therefore, HCl
(aq) is called hydrochloric acid while HBr(aq) is called hydrobromic acid.
It is important to take note that the acid should have the subscript (aq) to indicate that it is
dissolved in water. Without that indication, the acid should be named as a molecule.

Question 15

For acids of oxoanions, naming involves replacing the suffix -ite with -ous and replacing the
suffix -ate with -ic. Thus, HClO becomes hypochlorous acid, HClO2 becomes chlorous acid,
HClO3 becomes chloric acid, and HClO4 becomes perchloric acid.

Question 16

For hydrogen-containing acidic salts, naming involves either the addition of the word
hydrogen after the cation name or the addition of the prefix bi- to the anion name. Thus
NaHCO3
is either called sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. If more than
one type of hydrogen-containing salt is possible for an element, then the prefixes di-, tri-,
tetra-, and so on, are added to hydrogen. For example, NaH2PO4
is called sodium dihydrogen
phosphate and Na2HPO4
is called sodium hydrogen phosphate.

Question 17

Acids are compounds that produce H
+
ions when dissolved in water. Some
hydrogen-containing salts are considered acidic.