Lesson 5.1 Flashcards
the basic building block of all matter
Atom
subatomic particles
protons
neutrons
electrons
All atoms in an element will always have the
same number of _.
protons
number of protons present in an atom
atomic number
Atoms
with the same number of protons (same element) but with different numbers of neutrons
are called
isotopes
on the other hand, are made from the combination of two or more atoms
connected together by a strong force of interaction, making them behave as a single particle
the smallest part of a substance that retains the physical and
chemical properties of the substance
Molecule
Two-atom molecule
diatomic
molecule
Many compounds exist as molecules. These compounds are made from the combination of
two or more atoms.
table sugar
C12H22O11
Electrons can move from one atom to the other. When this happens, the overall number of
protons and electrons changes, therefore a species with an overall electrical charge is
formed. These species are called
Ions
When an atom gains electrons, the number of
electrons is greater than the number of protons, therefore forming a negatively charged
species called an
anion
when an atom loses an electron, the number of
protons will be greater than the number of electrons, thus forming a positively charged
species called a
Cation
Atoms can either gain or lose electrons.
Monoatomic ions
There are metals that can have more than one charge creating several cations. For example,
a copper atom can have a +1 and +2 charge. Iron is another element that can form more
than one possible charge (+2 and +3), while lead can form +2 and +4 cations. These ions are
called
Multivalent ions
There are also those ions that contain more than
one type of atom called
polyatomic ions.
