Lesson 1.1 Flashcards
is anything that has mass and volume
Matter
the basic composition of matter was water
Thales of Miletus
proposed that matter was made up of air since its existence is more fluid than water
Anaximenes
opposed these ideas as he believed that matter was
made up of fire, since this element is a good representation of a “changing world.”
Heraclitus
aside from water, air,
and fire, matter was made up of earth too
Empedocles
a renowned and influential philosopher during his time, expounded
the idea of Empedocles. He described each element as a balance between two qualities.
This allows early Greeks to explain the transformation of primal matter. For instance, air,
which is hot and wet, will be converted to fire when dried while maintaining heat
Aristotle
thought that all materials are made up of tiny bits of
matter which cannot be divided further. The tiny indivisible part that makes up a matter is
known as atom, which came from the Greek word atomos which means indivisible.
Leucippus and his student Democritus
which came from the Greek word _ which means indivisible
atomos
wherein matter cannot be further divided into smaller bits once the ultimate particle of
matter (atom) is obtained.
principle of discontinuity of matter,
four main ideas in the particulate nature of matter:
- Matter is composed of discrete particles.
- There is an empty space between particles of matter.
- The particles of matter are in constant motion.
- There are forces that act between the particles.
An atom is
neutral by nature,
is a particle or group of particles that are charged
ion
negatively
charged ion
anion
a positively charged ion
cation
are particles that are made up of two or more atoms that are chemically
combined
molecules
are illustrations used to have a visual representation of particles that make up matter.
particulate drawings
The particulate nature of matter debunks the idea of Aristotle that there are no empty
spaces. The particles that make up matter have spaces in between them. These spaces may
be little or huge, depending on the kind of matter.
With an increase in
temperature, particles in matter gain kinetic energy. The higher the kinetic energy of the
particles, the faster its movement. Thus, increasing the temperature of matter enables its
particles to move swiftly as well
forces that exist between
particles may be attractive or repulsive.
Intermolecular forces
Particles in a solid matter are closely packed and are arranged in an orderly manner
Liquid particles are also
close to one another but its arrangement is not as orderly as solids
, particles in
the gaseous matter are far apart from one another and are arranged randomly
Particles in a solid matter are closely packed due to the strong
attractive forces that hold them together.
why solids are able to maintain
its shape and volume and have low compressibility and fluidity
attractive forces between gaseous particles are very minimal and negligible. Particles in gaseous matter tend to neglect one another due to the huge
distances between them. Gases are highly compressible due to the very minimal forces that
exist between its particles.
Solid particles exhibit
vibratory motion but in a fixed position.
The relatively bigger
distances between liquid particles allow them to slide past one another.
the huge
spaces and very minimal attractive forces between particles of gases enable them to move
swiftly and in random directions.
● Ancient Greek philosophers were the first to speculate the nature of matter by
providing different assumptions on what it is made of.
● The idea of Democritus paved the way in establishing that matter is made up of
particles instead of a primal material.
● There are four main ideas in the particulate nature of matter:
○ Matter is composed of discrete particles.
○ There is an empty space between particles of matter.
○ The particles of matter are in constant motion.
○ There are forces that act between the particles.
● The arrangement of particles, its motion, and intermolecular forces dictate the kind
of state in which matter exists.
○ Solids have particles that are compact and arranged in an orderly manner.
The particles are held tightly by strong attractive forces which limit its
movement to vibratory motion in fixed positions.
○ Liquids have particles that are close together but are not arranged in an
orderly manner. The particles are held by moderately strong attractive forces
which allows them to slide past one another.
○ Gases have particles that are far apart and are moving swiftly and in random
directions. Since particles are far apart from one another, there is very
minimal force that exists between them.
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