Lesson 1.1

Question 1

is anything that has mass and volume

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

the basic composition of matter was water

Answer 2

Thales of Miletus

Question 3

proposed that matter was made up of air since its existence is more fluid than water

Answer 3

Anaximenes

Question 4

opposed these ideas as he believed that matter was

made up of fire, since this element is a good representation of a “changing world.”

Answer 4

Heraclitus

Question 5

aside from water, air,

and fire, matter was made up of earth too

Answer 5

Empedocles

Question 6

a renowned and influential philosopher during his time, expounded
the idea of Empedocles. He described each element as a balance between two qualities.
This allows early Greeks to explain the transformation of primal matter. For instance, air,
which is hot and wet, will be converted to fire when dried while maintaining heat

Answer 6

Aristotle

Question 7

thought that all materials are made up of tiny bits of
matter which cannot be divided further. The tiny indivisible part that makes up a matter is
known as atom, which came from the Greek word atomos which means indivisible.

Answer 7

Leucippus and his student Democritus

Question 8

which came from the Greek word _ which means indivisible

Answer 8

atomos

Question 9

wherein matter cannot be further divided into smaller bits once the ultimate particle of
matter (atom) is obtained.

Answer 9

principle of discontinuity of matter,

Question 10

four main ideas in the particulate nature of matter:

Answer 10

1. Matter is composed of discrete particles.
2. There is an empty space between particles of matter.
3. The particles of matter are in constant motion.
4. There are forces that act between the particles.

Question 11

An atom is

neutral by nature,

Question 12

is a particle or group of particles that are charged

Answer 12

ion

Question 13

negatively

charged ion

Answer 13

anion

Question 14

a positively charged ion

Answer 14

cation

Question 15

are particles that are made up of two or more atoms that are chemically
combined

Answer 15

molecules

Question 16

are illustrations used to have a visual representation of particles that make up matter.

Answer 16

particulate drawings

Question 17

The particulate nature of matter debunks the idea of Aristotle that there are no empty
spaces. The particles that make up matter have spaces in between them. These spaces may
be little or huge, depending on the kind of matter.

Question 18

With an increase in
temperature, particles in matter gain kinetic energy. The higher the kinetic energy of the
particles, the faster its movement. Thus, increasing the temperature of matter enables its
particles to move swiftly as well

Question 19

forces that exist between

particles may be attractive or repulsive.

Answer 19

Intermolecular forces

Question 20

Particles in a solid matter are closely packed and are arranged in an orderly manner

Liquid particles are also
close to one another but its arrangement is not as orderly as solids

, particles in
the gaseous matter are far apart from one another and are arranged randomly

Question 21

Particles in a solid matter are closely packed due to the strong
attractive forces that hold them together.

why solids are able to maintain
its shape and volume and have low compressibility and fluidity

attractive forces between gaseous particles are very minimal and negligible. Particles in gaseous matter tend to neglect one another due to the huge
distances between them. Gases are highly compressible due to the very minimal forces that
exist between its particles.

Question 22

Solid particles exhibit
vibratory motion but in a fixed position.

The relatively bigger
distances between liquid particles allow them to slide past one another.

the huge
spaces and very minimal attractive forces between particles of gases enable them to move
swiftly and in random directions.

Question 23

● Ancient Greek philosophers were the first to speculate the nature of matter by
providing different assumptions on what it is made of.
● The idea of Democritus paved the way in establishing that matter is made up of
particles instead of a primal material.
● There are four main ideas in the particulate nature of matter:
○ Matter is composed of discrete particles.
○ There is an empty space between particles of matter.
○ The particles of matter are in constant motion.
○ There are forces that act between the particles.
● The arrangement of particles, its motion, and intermolecular forces dictate the kind
of state in which matter exists.
○ Solids have particles that are compact and arranged in an orderly manner.
The particles are held tightly by strong attractive forces which limit its
movement to vibratory motion in fixed positions.
○ Liquids have particles that are close together but are not arranged in an
orderly manner. The particles are held by moderately strong attractive forces
which allows them to slide past one another.
○ Gases have particles that are far apart and are moving swiftly and in random
directions. Since particles are far apart from one another, there is very
minimal force that exists between them.
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