Lesson 1.2 Flashcards
are properties that are common to all forms of matter
mass and volume
characteristics of matter that are present in all kinds of matter
general
properties of matter
a property is observable only in a particular kind of matter
specific property of matte
fundamental properties that are used to
describe matter are
mass, volume, weight, density, and specific gravity.
refers to the amount of matter in an object
Mass
Mass is usually expressed in
grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
the measure of force that acts on an object
s expressed as the amount of
matter (mass) multiplied by the gravitational force that acts on it
weight
Since weight is a force, it is expressed in
newtons (N)
amount of space occupied by matter
volume
Volumes of liquids are often expressed
in
milliliters (mL) or liters (L)
Volumes of
solids are often expressed in
cubic centimeters (cm3) or cubic meters (m3).
a physical property that expresses the ratio between
mass and volume
also tells how compact an object is
Density
density is a ratio between mass and volume, it is often expressed in
kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3
) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3
).
the ratio of a substance’s
density to a standard substance
Specific gravity
also knowm as specific gravity
relative density
Since specific gravity is a ratio
between two densities, it is a dimensionless
quantity wherein no physical dimension is
assigned.
Qualities that are readily observable or measurable without changing the matter’s
composition
physical properties
General properties such as mass, volume,
weight, density, and specific gravity are all examples of physical properties.
As solids absorb heat
energy, its temperature increases, causing its particles to move faster and dissociate from
one another. This dissociation leads to a phase change known as
melting
the temperature
at which a solid matter changes to liquid is known as
melting point
The temperature at which a
liquid turns into a solid matter
freezing point
or the change from a liquid state to a gaseous state
vapor
vaporization
the
temperature at which liquid vaporizes
boiling point
Materials that mix well form a homogeneous phase wherein the substance in a lesser
amount (solute) dissolves in another substance of greater amount (solvent)
The ability of a
solute to dissolve in a given solvent
solubility
A material is said to
be _ _ if it dissolves easily in a solvent.
highly soluble
For the case of fluids like liquids and
gases, substances are said to be _ if they mix well together.
miscible
Some substances that
do not completely mix are said to be
partially soluble or partially miscible
a material that does not dissolve at all in a given solvent
insoluble or
immiscible
are qualities that are observed specifically in metals
Metallic properties
The ability of a material to allow heat or electric charges to pass through easily is known as
conductivity
Metal can be flattened into thin sheets
due to its
malleability
metal can be easily drawn
into wires due to its
ductility
The characteristics that can only be seen when the chemical identity of a material is altered
are known as
chemical properties
The capacity of a material to decompose through the actions of microorganisms is known as
biodegradability.
a chemical reaction between a substance (fuel) and oxygen which results in
the generation of heat and light in the form of flame
combustion
refers to the ability of a material to combust or burn
Combustibility
the ability of a
combustible material to catch flame easily
flammability
tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction
reactivity
elements that are known to have no to little reactivity
noble gases.
Physical properties of matter may be further classified as intensive or extensive
are physical properties that do not depend on the amount of matter
Intensive properties
intensive properties are density, boiling point, melting point, and freezing point.
are physical properties that depend on the amount of matter. These
characteristics change when the amount of matter is decreased or increased.
Extensive properties
Mass and
volume are extensive properties of matter.
