Lesson 5- Thyroid and Parathyroid

Question 1

thyroid

Answer 1

supply of iodine in diet to produce hormones. controls metabolism, growth, and development

Question 2

parathyroid gland

Answer 2

4, 2 on each side

Question 3

goiter

Answer 3

not enough iodine present and causes thyroid to enlarge

Question 4

thyroxine T4

Answer 4

majority of thyroid secretions, made in thyroid from tyrosine (amino acid) and 4 molecules of iodine

Question 5

triiodothyronine T3

Answer 5

more potent than T4, made in thyroid from tyrosine and 3 molecules of iodine

Question 6

regulating metabolism

Answer 6

T3 and T4 allow body to undergo cellular respiration at a faster rate (ATP and heat). a drop in metabolism is detected by receptors in hypothalamus (sensor) and releases TRH which triggers the pituitary gland (integretor) to release TSH (effector) to release T3 and T4 by thyroid, this increases metabolism. this process usually happens when body is cold or stressed

Question 7

calcium benefits

Answer 7

• critical in disease prevention
• activate enzymes
• increase bone and teeth strength

Question 8

calcitonin

Answer 8

produced in thyroid gland, lowers calcium in blood by decreasing activity of osteoclasts while stimulating activity of osteoblasts, decreases reabsorption of calcium in nephrons (high blood calcium level)

Question 9

parathyroid hormone

Answer 9

produced in parathyroid glands, raises calcium in blood by increasing activity of osteoclasts and decreasing osteoblasts, increases reabsoprtion of calcium in nephrons (low blood calcium level)

Question 10

osteoclasts

Answer 10

break down bone

Question 11

osteoblasts

Answer 11

build up bone

Question 12

underproduction

Answer 12

results in poor nerve and muscle function

Question 13

overproduction

Answer 13

leads to osteoproris (thin and fragile bones)