Lesson 5 Intro to Macromolecules And Carbohydrates Flashcards
How many covalent compounds can carbon form with other elements?
4 because it has 4 valence electrons. Usually bonds with C, H, O or N.
What are Macromolecules made up of?
Smaller building blocks called monomers.
Carbohydrates purpose
Primary source of energy for cells (glucose)
Structural material of plant cell walls (cellulose)
Lipids purpose
Long term energy storage molecule
Structural components of cell membranes
Proteins and Nucleic acids purpose
Proteins: structural components of the cell
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids: Genetic material that regulates cell activity.
3 examples of a polymer
Proteins, starch, DNA
Dehydration synthesis
To remove water
Hyrdrolysis
To split water. Water is used to break up another molecule. One molecule takes a H+ while the other takes an oh-. Enzymes are needed for this to happen.
What are carbohydrates made of and what’s the general formula.
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
Formula: Cn(H2O)n
What is the ratio for carbohydrates
1:2:1
What’s another word for sugar
Saccharide.
All sugars are also carbohydrates.
What do monosaccharides have in common?
They have the same chemical formula C6,H12,O12. But different structural forms.
What is a disaccharide?
Double sugar. Made by joining two monosaccharides. Involves removing a water molecule. Bond is called a glycosidic bond.
What do you call something that has the same chemical formula but different structures.
Isomers
Glycogen storage form of glucose in _____
Animals
Where does our body need glucose the most?
Muscles
