Lesson 5 (Chapter 3: Disorders of the Respiratory System) Flashcards
Chronic Bronchitis
A disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant (such as cigarette smoke) [bronch/o (bronchi) + -itis (inflammation)]
Emphysema
Progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction
Bronchospasm
Contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut [bronch/o (bronchi) + -spasm (involuntary contraction)]
Eupnea
Easy or normal breathing [eu- (good) + -pnea (breathing)]
Apnea
The temporary absence of spontaneous respiration [a- (without) + -pnea (breathing)]
Allergic rhinitis
An allergic reaction to allergens that enter trough the nasal passages and causes an increased flow of mucus [rhin/o (nose) + -itis (inflammation)]
Nonallergic rhinitis
A reaction to something other than an allergen (such as cold air, spicy food, or medication) that causes an increased flow of mucus [rhin/o (nose) + -itis (inflammation)]
Croup
An acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor (a harsh, high-pitched sound when breathing in)
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose
Influenza
An acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain
Pertussis
Also known as whooping cough.
A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal (sudden and spasm-like) cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration
RSV
Respiratory syncytial virus, a common, highly contagious viral infection spread by respiratory droplets
Rhinorrhea
The watery flow of mucus from the nose. [rhin/o (nose) + -rrhea (abnormal discharge)]
Sinusitis
An inflammation of the sinuses. [sinus (sinus) + -itis (inflammation)]
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx [pharyng/o (pharynx) + -itis (inflammation)]
Laryngospasm
The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx [laryng/o (larynx) + -spasm (sudden involuntary contraction)]
Aphonia
The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds [a- (without) + phon/o (sound or voice) + -ia (abnormal condition)]
Dysphonia
Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty [dys- (bad) + phon/o (sound or voice) + -ia (abnormal condition)]
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx [laryng/o (larynx) + -itis (inflammation)]
Bronchiectasis
Permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation [bronch/i/o (bronchus) + -ectasis (stretching or enlargement)]
Bronchorrhea
Excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi. [bronch/i-o (bronchus) + -rrhea (abnormal flow)]
Pleural effusion
Excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Hemothorax
A collection of blood in the pleural cavity. [hem/o (blood) + -thorax (chest)]
Pneumothorax
The accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse. [pneum/o (lung or air) + -thorax (chest)]
Atelectasis
The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung. [atel- (incomplete) + -ectasis (stretching or enlargement)]
Pulmonary edema
An accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli.
Pulmonary embolism
The sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that formed in the leg or pelvic region.
Pneumonia
A serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids. [pneumon/o (lung) + -ia (abnormal condition)]
Cystic fibrosis
A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.
