Lesson 5 (Chapter 3: Disorders of the Respiratory System)

Question 1

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 1

A disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant (such as cigarette smoke) [bronch/o (bronchi) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 2

Emphysema

Answer 2

Progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

A chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

Question 4

Bronchospasm

Answer 4

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut [bronch/o (bronchi) + -spasm (involuntary contraction)]

Question 5

Eupnea

Answer 5

Easy or normal breathing [eu- (good) + -pnea (breathing)]

Question 6

Apnea

Answer 6

The temporary absence of spontaneous respiration [a- (without) + -pnea (breathing)]

Question 7

Allergic rhinitis

Answer 7

An allergic reaction to allergens that enter trough the nasal passages and causes an increased flow of mucus [rhin/o (nose) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 8

Nonallergic rhinitis

Answer 8

A reaction to something other than an allergen (such as cold air, spicy food, or medication) that causes an increased flow of mucus [rhin/o (nose) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 9

Croup

Answer 9

An acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor (a harsh, high-pitched sound when breathing in)

Question 10

Epistaxis

Answer 10

Bleeding from the nose

Question 11

Influenza

Answer 11

An acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain

Question 12

Pertussis

Answer 12

Also known as whooping cough.
A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal (sudden and spasm-like) cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

Question 13

RSV

Answer 13

Respiratory syncytial virus, a common, highly contagious viral infection spread by respiratory droplets

Question 14

Rhinorrhea

Answer 14

The watery flow of mucus from the nose. [rhin/o (nose) + -rrhea (abnormal discharge)]

Question 15

Sinusitis

Answer 15

An inflammation of the sinuses. [sinus (sinus) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 16

Pharyngitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the pharynx [pharyng/o (pharynx) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 17

Laryngospasm

Answer 17

The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx [laryng/o (larynx) + -spasm (sudden involuntary contraction)]

Question 18

Aphonia

Answer 18

The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds [a- (without) + phon/o (sound or voice) + -ia (abnormal condition)]

Question 19

Dysphonia

Answer 19

Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty [dys- (bad) + phon/o (sound or voice) + -ia (abnormal condition)]

Question 20

Laryngitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the larynx [laryng/o (larynx) + -itis (inflammation)]

Question 21

Bronchiectasis

Answer 21

Permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation [bronch/i/o (bronchus) + -ectasis (stretching or enlargement)]

Question 22

Bronchorrhea

Answer 22

Excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi. [bronch/i-o (bronchus) + -rrhea (abnormal flow)]

Question 23

Pleural effusion

Answer 23

Excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.

Question 24

Hemothorax

Answer 24

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity. [hem/o (blood) + -thorax (chest)]

Question 25

Pneumothorax

Answer 25

The accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse. [pneum/o (lung or air) + -thorax (chest)]

Question 26

Atelectasis

Answer 26

The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung. [atel- (incomplete) + -ectasis (stretching or enlargement)]

Question 27

Pulmonary edema

Answer 27

An accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli.

Question 28

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

The sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that formed in the leg or pelvic region.

Question 29

Pneumonia

Answer 29

A serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids. [pneumon/o (lung) + -ia (abnormal condition)]

Question 30

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 30

A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.