Lesson 5 Flashcards
The Western and Eastern Perspectives of the Self
concept of self is defined as a “bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe, a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively both against other such wholes and against its social and natural background…”
Western Perspective of the Self
view of the ‘enduring self’ refers to the notion that “you are the same person you were earlier in your life. In other words, it assumes that we humans are selves that endure through time” (Velasquez, 2017).
Western Perspective of the Self
Citation
The major Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are the common representatives of Eastern concept. For this reason, the eastern thought is described as pluralistic
(Go-Monilla, 2018)
concept of the self is expounded in Vedanta, a major school of Indian thought based on Upanishads, the classical Indian philosophical treatise
Hinduism
Citation
These four systems of Eastern thought differ in their approaches but they share the same goal which is to teach how to become a perfect person
(Villaba, 1995).
it is an absolute reality
Brahman
(soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self, is identical to Brahman
Atman
characterizes human suffering as the result of failure to realize the distinction between the true self (permanent and unchanging) and the non-true self ( impermanent and changes continually)
Vedanta
the most important doctrine of Hinduism. It was believed that all actions are subject to karma. Individual actions will lead to either good or bad outcomes in one’s life. People get exactly what they deserve
The law of karma
known as the Buddha
Siddharta Gautama
the founder of Buddhism.
Siddharta Gautama
The root word of Buddhism is Budh meaning
awake
The Four Noble Truths are the basic principles of Buddhism which are:
- life is suffering
- suffering is caused by attachment to desires
- suffering can be eliminated
- elimination of suffering is through the practice of the eightfold path
doctrines are found in the Analects
Confucianism
Golden Rule or the principle of reciprocit
Do unto others what you want others to do unto you” or “Do not do unto others what you do not want others to do unto you”
Five Cardinal Relationships and the associated virtues
- between ruler and minister - rightness = loyalty, filial piety
- between parent and child - affection = filial piety
- between husband and wife - differentiation = harmony
- between brothers - precedence = affection
- between friends - trust/honesty = trust and honesty
Therefore, the self is known as a relational self.
(also known as Daoism)
Taoism
a Chinese philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu
Taoism
which contributed to the folk religion of the people primarily in the rural areas of China and became the official religion of the country under the
Tang Dynasty
what we call a “collective culture” as a group and social relations that is given more importance than individual needs and wants
Eastern culture
persons look after the welfare of their groups and values cooperation
Eastern culture
put more emphasis on hierarchy as the culture wants to keep things in harmony and order. They have respectful terms of their senior and lot of workers would not dare go against the high-ranking officials.
Eastern culture
what we call an “individualistic culture” since their focus is on the person. By valuing individual, they may seems to have loose associations or even loyalty to their groups. Competition is high and they are more likely straightforward and forceful in their communication as well as decision-making
Western culture
emphasize more on the value of equality even if they see that the individual can rise above everything else. Because everyone is their own competition, one can say that they promote ideas that create fair competition and protect the individual
Western culture
