Lesson 3

Question 1

He is the proponent of this theory. This theory highlights that the people with whom a person interacts become a mirror in which one views himself. Therefore, self-identity or self-image is achieved through a threefold event which begins by

1. We imagine how we appear to another person.
2. We imagine what judgments that person makes of us based on our appearance and the way we present ourselves.
3. We imagine how that person feels about us, on the basis of the judgments they’ve made.

Answer 1

Sociologist Charles Horton Cooley

Question 2

Sociologist George Herbert Mead

the subjective element and the active side of the self. It represents the spontaneous and unique traits of the individual.

Answer 2

I

Question 3

the self is not present at birth. It is developed only with social experience in which language, gestures or symbols, and objects are used to communicate meaningfully.

Answer 3

Sociologist George Herbert Mead,

Question 4

Sociologist George Herbert Mead

Question 5

The Constitution of the Self” (2004). In modern societies, the attainment and stability of self-identity are “freely chosen”. It is no longer controlled by customs and traditions. This is considered a new found freedom that offers unlimited possibilities for self-development, problems like alienation and dehumanization of the self also appear which prevent the full development of human potentials. But there is a need to discover the “authentic core” of the self for the individual to freely work towards self-realization. The dissolution of traditional values and communities in a modern society guided the individual to develop a strong and stable self-identity, and the postmodern individual accepts all the possibilities for self-improvement. Therefore, in the postmodern societies, self-identity continuously developed due to the very demanding multiple social contexts and the advent of new information technologies and globalization.

Answer 5

Gerry Lanuza’

Question 6

describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. Using social interaction as a type of “mirror,” people use the judgments they receive from others to measure their own worth, values, and behavior.

Answer 6

The Looking-glass Self

Question 7

a French sociologist, exposed the negative consequences of postmodernization to individuals in society (Demetrio, 2013). He emphasized that consumption describes the postmodern society. The postmodern individuals achieve self-identity through prestige symbols that they consume. Individuals want to have a position in society through the quality of prestige symbols that they can afford to consume. It is manifested through the cultural practices of advertising and mass media that have a great impact on the individual consumers’ behavior of goods consumption not for their value and utility but more for the feeling of goodness and power when compared with others. The postmodern individual has become an unsatisfied consumer and may never be satisfied in life. This is manifested when a person buys an expensive gadget which is not for its usefulness in communication but because of its prestige symbol. The person will desire to buy a new model of cell phone when a new model comes out in the market. The self then will be in a never-ending search for prestige in the postmodern society.

Answer 7

Jean Baudrillard