Lesson 4UK Flashcards
This chapter is about:
The effects of the first world war
What is war footing?
During the war, instead of producing clothes and other manufactured goods
The industry was busy making war supplies and equipment.
No free trade, change in economy
Representation of People Act 1918
Right to vote for women over 30, men over 21
Equal suffrage in 1928
Consequence of the end of the war on women labour?
18 months after the war:
75% of women fired
Casualties in Britain during WWI
1 million casualties
How many new homes were built?
200 000 new homes
1929
The great depression
Causes of the Great Depression:
Wall street crash
American Banks failed
Consequences of the Great Depression:
Unemployment
Nothing to trade so exports fell
Decolonisation, starting with Canada
Canada wanted to be independent because partly because of Britain’s debt
After the Great Depression:
Economy picks up
But a new threat arises (Nazi)
What is appeasement?
Rather than fighting another war, they tried to de-escalate and negotiate with Nazi Germany
Britain did not have that much military power
Consequences of appeasement?
Hitler did not respect any agreements:
-The treaty of Versailles
-The Munich agreement (Poland)
So Britain had to go to war
Neville Chamberlain was followed by which prime minister?
May 1940, Winston Churchill, who strongly opposed the Nazis and appeasement.
He gathered the allies (US, USSR) against Germany
On 8 of May 1945:
Winston Churchill lost by a landslide to the Labour party. It was an upset.
Why did Winston Churchill lost the elections?
People were still angry with Chamberlain and appeasement (so Tories)
They wanted social change
Better housing
Employment
Welfare state
People were tired of the war
He was a PM for the war, not for peace
Name and conclusions of the post war report:
William Beveridge
The state of the country was very bad.
Radical reforms were needed.
The government had to take care of people from the cradle to the grave.
First true welfare measures in British history with free healthcare
What is the consensus era?
1945-1975 (?) The Tories and Labour were in agreement over the welfare state
First Prime minister after WWI: Name, dates, party and policies
Clement Attlee 1945-1951
Labour
For the nationalisation of industry. Welfare state
The Five Giants:
Disease (Welfare State)
Want
Squalor (bad housing conditions)
Ignorance (uneducated)
Idleness (people needed work)
Aneurin Bevan
Minister for Health
What institution was created in 1948?
The NHS
National Health Service
3 acts that were important under the Labour party
Check powerpoint
Which industries were nationalised?
Coal
Mining
Electricity
Railways
London Transport
British Railways
Solution to labour shortage
Asked commonwealth citizens to come work in Britain.
The Empire Windrush
Problems with food?
Shortage
Rationing had to be maintained for a long time after WWI
Problems with infrastructures?
Were bombed by the Nazi
Not enough housing
Bad transport infrastructure
Keynesianism
Stimulate economic growth through demand.
Investing a lot more than saving.
Strong government intervention in the economy
Positive effects of Keynesianism:
Low unemployment (1-2%)
4.5% inflation
(Check Powerpoint
