Lesson 1 GB Flashcards
What’s the main content of the course
The industrial revolution, economy and politics
Workshop of the world
It manifactured a lot of products and it created the notion of free trade
When was the industrial revolution in England?
1750-1850
What were the main causes?
Agricultural revolution…
What was the first country to have an industrail revolution?
Britain
How to descibe Britain during the industrial revolution?
An age of steam, canals and factories
What hapened before the industrial revolution?
The agricultural revolution:
- a healthy labor force
- increase of population=more workers
What’s the cottage industry?
People are working at home, producing goods at home, manual work, mainly textiles
Textile was the main industrial sector
Jobs in the cottage industry:
Spinners, weavers and dryers
The five factors of success
The five “M”s
Men
Money
Machines
Means of communication
Mentalities
Why is “Men” an important factor?
It’s actually women, because of the soars in birth rate.
More people=more production
Numbers of the demographic boom in Britain:
1750 : 7.5 Million
1801 : 11 Million
1861 : over 23 million
Where were the most important ressources?
West Riding
Staffordshire
Lancashire
(in the north-west of England)
What were the most important ressources?
Coal and Iron mines
(energy and materials)
Why is Money important?
The distribution of money and the new banking system
Goldsmiths
Bank of England 1694
1815: 600 banks
1844 Bank Charter Act
It was now possible for factory owners to get a loan from the Bank of England to build factories instead of waiting to generate the necessary capital
What were Goldsmiths?
Pre banking system
strongrooms and safes?
1844:
The Bank Charter Act
Allowed investors to invest money in companies
Beginning of shareholders and shares
1856
Joint Stock Companies Act 1856
Banks could become joint stock banks (like Wall Street)
How did the economy evolved during the industrial revolution
More banks, more loansm more investment
Domestic market + 42% between 1750 and 1800
Why were Machines important?
Increase in production :
Thousands of inventors were registering new patents
300 patents in 1750 to 4300 in 1849
The inventor of the steam engine:
James Watt
Faster production, bigger output
1767
What’s the power loom?
Instead of working by hand, the machine could do the work of many
How did production rose for coal and iron in the second half of the 18th century?
Coal output x2
iron by 200%
Invention of gaslighting, consequences?
Factories could work at night, beginning of nightshifts
New means of communication:
Telegraph in 1837
1866 first transatlantic cable
1870 cable links India to Britain
Transports as well
1866
First transatlantic cable, Britain to America, more deals and contracts could be done, and faster, so more production
1870
cable links India to Britain
Easier, faster and more convenient to import goods
Evolution in the transport sector:
Investement of the government in road construction
1745 : two weeks bbetwee London and Edinburgh
1796 : two and a half days
1830 : 36 hours
Made trade faster in the country
Canals
What was an important mean of transportation to get coal from the mines to the factories?
Canals/waterways
1900 Best transport nnetwor in Europe
Also development of Railways
What were the most important means of transportation for the industry?
Development of roads,
waterways/canals
Railways (after)
How did Mentalities changed?
Change from catholicism to protestant
Free trade (liberalism)
example the Lloyd Bank owners of protestant
Evolution of exports between 1750 to 1815
Exports doubled
Two main parties that were:
The tories
The Whigs
What are the Tories for?
Mainly land owners, upper class
Protect land interests
wary of industrialisation and urbanisation
What are the Whigs for?
Industrialists and factory owners
Middle class or working class
Free trade and Free market
Name machines and dates
Power loom for weaving (1785)
Telegraph (1832)
Steel railway systems (19th century)
Locomotives (19th century)
Steam engine (1712)
Name machines and dates
Power loom for weaving (1785)
Telegraph (1832)
Steel railway systems (19th century)
Locomotives (19th century)
Steam engine (1712)
Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme
Livre de Luc Boltanski et Ève Chiapello,
1999
Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme
Livre de Luc Boltanski et Ève Chiapello,
1999
Max Weber
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905
Source part 1
A cartoon published in Punch magazine on 29 July 1843
Quote from the document
It is gratifying to know that though there is such misery in the coal mines, there is a great deal of luxury results from it.
Doc 2
Leads woollen petition 1786
This petition by workers in Leeds (a major center of wool manufacture in Yorkshire) appeared in a local newspapers in 1786. They are complaining about the effects of machines on the previously well-paid skilled workers being laid of.
Doc 3
Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791
This statement by the Cloth Merchants of Leeds (a major center of wool manufacture in Yorkshire) defended the use of machines. It appeared in 1791.
They argued that workers and the people of Leeds would profit from the free use of machines.
An increase in wages.
