Lesson 2 US

Question 1

Reasons for colonisation

Answer 1

Land Opportunities
The way heritage works means that only the eldest, the heir would inherit estate
Religious freedom

Question 2

What were the most important exports?

Answer 2

Tobacco
Pelts
Other things (?)

Question 3

How did the indenture system worked?

Answer 3

The settlers that were too poor to pay for the trip to the new world had to contractually indenture themselves to someone with enough money and power.

Question 4

Reasons to indenture oneself:

Answer 4

Cannot pay trip
Have debts
Want to flee somewhere

Question 5

What were the different regional identities on the East coast?

Answer 5

-New England (Pilgrims and Puritans)
-The Middle Colonies (Quakers)
-The south with the adventurers

Question 6

Describe the New England settlement

Answer 6

Pilgrims and Puritans
Plymouth 1620

Massachusetts Bay 1630
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Rhode Island

Question 7

Describe the Middle Colonies

Answer 7

Quakers
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Pennsylvania

Very fertile land
Développement of agriculture wheat and corn

Question 8

Describe the Southern Colony

Answer 8

Adventurers
Five colonies:
Virginia
Maryland
North and South Carolina
Georgia

The dream of these settlers was to get rich, mainly by seeking for gold or a passage to the Indies

Then after the Gold Rush died down, they mainly grew tobacco. Also rice and indigo (the blue dye)

It was a rural economy, organised around large plantations, with slavery

Question 9

What does proto-industries mean?

Answer 9

In New England
Pre industrialisation industries
Craftsmanship
Mining textile
Naval Construction

Question 10

What do Quakers stand for?
What kind of group is it?

Answer 10

A Protestant Christan religious group
They did not agree with the Church of England.

They believe God has a relation individually with each person. There is no need for hierarchy

William Pen (Founder of Pennsylvania)

Question 11

What were the first institutions in in the new World?

Answer 11

British authority
English bureaucracy
Governors and colonial administrators
New England and Middle colonies

The laws from the English parlement would also apply to these colonies, even though the settlers had also some specific laws but they weren’t represented in the parliament

Question 12

What was the system of governance in the early days?

Answer 12

A theocracy

Puritans and Quakers thought that religion should shape politics and the economy. To create a path to the afterlife.
Les voies du seigneur sont impénétrables so they had to satisfy god through their own individual path

Question 13

What was the Model of Christian Charity?

Answer 13

By John Winthrop in 1630. A book/sermon

In it, there were two ideals described.
-Common welfare should be prioritized over personal needs.
=> Creating the holy commonwealth (a political community that would create a new Israel and a New Eden)
-An ideal society as a model

Voir Les documents Sur Madoc

For them religious freedom meant that they would submit willingly to God’s will and authority, and not the Church of England’s

He said that there should be a social hierarchy in the social order. It was for the good of the community and it was determined by god.

Question 14

Quote from “Model of Christian Charity”

Answer 14

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”
It refers to the concept of American exceptionalism

Question 15

What is the American exceptionalism?

Answer 15

The ideas that American values are unique, and America is destined to play a key role in the world. They should be an example.

Question 16

What could the American Dream be defined?

Answer 16

That children have better conditions of living compared to the parent. Society should forever improve.

Question 17

In reality, how was society in the early days?

Answer 17

America “was” intolerant and inequal.
Gender, race, ethnicity would dictate your rank in the new world.
Dominated by white men

Question 18

What was the societal pyramid back then?

Answer 18

Farmers and Merchants at the top

Then shopkeepers and craftsmen

And at the bottom were the stevedores, the longshoremen, unskilled workers, indentured servants and slaves

Question 19

Who were the Stevedores?

Answer 19

The people that work in the harbor and move cargo

Question 20

Who could own land?

Answer 20

Farmers and Merchants mainly

Question 21

Who could vote?

Answer 21

Landowners exclusively so 5% of the population of New England.
They believed that social and/or economic dépendance did not allow for them to get political and social equality.
They were a lot of white people that couldn’t vote.
Wage laborers, apprentices, slaves, servants, paroled convicts.
Also women couldn’t. They were smaller in number than men

Question 22

Who were the longshoremen?

Question 23

What is “Couverture”?

Question 24

What were “femme coverts”?

Answer 24

Married women. They did not have indepence from their partner.

Question 25

What were women allowed to do?
What were they prohibited from doing?

Answer 25

Couldn’t vote. Represent themselves in court.
Could not claim property. Could not sue for divorce or claim responsibility for the children if the husband divorced.
Unlike black people though, they still shared their husbands’ possessions

Question 26

The Massachusetts’ body of liberties… Of liberty

Answer 26

They were on the same legal standing as children, idiots, and mentally handicapped

Question 27

How were black people treated?

Answer 27

They were treated as compliant workers and nothing more.
They had no legal existence.
Couldn’t marry, inherit, vote own land, sue and appeal to authorities for mistreatment.
They could be sold away from their families.

Question 28

When did the first Africans arrived in the US?

Answer 28

1619, in Jamestown, Virginia

Question 29

What was Chattel Slavery?

Answer 29

“Chattel” is a synonym for a piece of property.
Started around the 1660s

Question 30

What were the relations between the natives and the settlers?

Answer 30

Thanksgiving

Tisquantum He helped the pilgrims when they arrived in New England. He spoke English and taught agriculture, hunting and fishing to the settlers.
Pocahontas saved the life of a man called John Smith and married John Rolfe

The first relationships were friendly.

But then, a lot of people came and they took land from the natives because they needed them for trade etc.

Question 31

What happened to the Natives between 1492 and 1750?

Answer 31

90% of the natives died because of germs and wars

Question 32

What were the American fundamental myths?

Answer 32

Promised land
Protestant work ethic
Manifested destiny

Question 33

What group was associated with the early form of the American Dream by the historian Andrew Delblanco?

Answer 33

The Puritans

Question 34

What is manifested destiny?

Question 35

1492

Answer 35

Discovery of America by Christopher Colombus

Question 36

1607

Answer 36

Jamestown, Virginia was founded

Question 37

1619

Answer 37

1st African slaves thought to Virginia

Question 38

1620

Answer 38

Mayflower and other things

Question 39

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