Lesson 44

Question 1

αἰσχύνω, αἰσχυνῶ, ᾔσχῡνα,

—, —, ᾐσχύνθην

Answer 1

disgrace; (mid.) feel ashamed, be
ashamed
The future middle αἰσχυνοῦμαι means “I’ll feel ashamed [for a while]”;
the future passive αἰσχυνθήσομαι means “I’ll be ashamed [on one occa- sion].”

Question 2

ἐλαύνω, ἐλῶ (= ἐλάω), ἤλασα, ἐλήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, ἠλάθην

Answer 2

drive, ride, march, row, beat out (metal), forge [cf. elastic]

Question 3

θαυμάζω, θαυμάσομαι, ἐθαύμασα, τεθαύμακα, τεθαύμασμαι, ἐθαυμάσθην

Answer 3

wonder (at), marvel (at), be amazed (at), admire [cf. thaumatology, thaumaturge]
αἰσχνομαι, θαυμάζω and other verbs of emotion may be followed by a clause giving the cause of the emotion and beginning with ὅτι (“that”) or, more often, with εἰ or ἐν (“if”); in the latter case, the clause has the form of a protasis, suggesting that the cause is merely supposed, not actually known, by the speaker.

Question 4

στάδιον, -ου, τό

Answer 4

(the pl. may be either neut. στάδια or masc. στάδιοι)
stade (= 600 Greek feet),
racecourse, stadium στάδιον and other words that measure distance are frequently used in a construction called accusative of extent of space, analogous to the accusa- tive of extent of time (see §142 of Lesson 23). Example: ἑκατὸν στάδια
ἤλασαν οἱ στρατιῶται. “The soldiers marched (for ) a hundred stades.”

Question 5

χορός, -οῦ, ὁ

Answer 5

dance, chorus (of a Greek play) [cf. choreography]

Question 6

κενός, -ή, -όν

Answer 6

(+ gen.) empty (of), devoid (of) [cf. cenotaph]

Question 7

δή

Answer 7

(postpositive particle) certainly, quite, indeed (emphasizes preceding word—can be ironic)

Question 8

τοι

Answer 8

(enclitic postpositive particle) you know, you see
τοι was originally a dative of σύ (“[let me tell] you”). Conveying a tone of familiarity, confidentiality, or conviction, it corresponds roughly to the “you know” or “you see” that speakers of English insert in their conver- sational sentences. It is often combined with other particles (e.g., τοι + ἄν → τν, through crasis).

Question 9

μέντοι

Answer 9

(postpositive particle) surely, however

Question 10

τοίνυν

Answer 10

(postpositive particle) therefore, then