Lesson 4 Turns, Loads, and Autos Flashcards
What is the vertical component of lift?
Lift acting upward and opposing weight.
What is the horizontal component of lift?
Lift acting horizontally and opposing inertia (centrifugal force).
Define Centrifugal Force.
The apparent force that an object moving along a circular path exerts on the body constraining the object, acting outwardly away from the center of rotation.
Define Centripetal Force.
The force that attracts a body toward its axis of rotation, opposite to centrifugal force.
What happens to the resultant lift in turning flight?
It acts more horizontally, causing the helicopter to bank.
What is Load Factor?
The ratio of a specified load weight to the total weight of the aircraft.
How does the angle of bank affect the total lift force?
As the angle of bank increases, total lift force tilts more toward the horizontal.
What is the relationship between angle of bank and rate of turn?
The rate of turn increases as angle of bank increases.
How does load factor behave in straight and level flight?
The load factor is 1G because there is no bank angle.
What happens to load factor during turns?
It varies depending on the bank angle; steeper bank angles result in greater load factors.
What is the effect of turbulence on load factor?
Increases and decreases in G forces may occur, affecting load factor.
What is autorotation?
The condition of flight where the main rotor is driven only by aerodynamic forces without engine power.
What occurs when the engine fails in flight?
The freewheeling unit disengages the engine from the main rotor, allowing the rotor to spin freely.
What direction does airflow switch to during autorotation?
From horizontal to more vertical as the helicopter descends.
What is the critical factor for maintaining rotor RPM during autorotation?
Use of the collective for rotor RPM control.
What happens to rotor RPM in a turn?
Increases in load factor and centrifugal force will increase descent rate and airflow through the rotors.
What is the minimum autorotational speed?
65 KIAS.
What is the minimum rate of descent speed?
53 KIAS.
What is the maximum glide distance speed?
75 KIAS at 90% RPM.
What is the ‘Torque Effect’ in autorotation?
The aircraft will yaw to the left dramatically when power is lost.
What is the ‘Translating Tendency’ when power is lost?
The helicopter moves left laterally due to reduced tail rotor thrust.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
What types of energy are stored during flight?
- Potential Energy (Altitude) * Kinetic Energy (Airspeed) * Inertia (Rotor RPM)
Why do we fly around high and fast?
To manage energy effectively for autorotation.
