Lesson 1 Systems

Question 1

What is the fuselage in a helicopter?

Answer 1

The exterior main body of the aircraft that encloses the engines, transmission, airframe, and cabin.

Question 2

What are the two types of landing gear for helicopters?

Answer 2

• Skids
• Wheels

Question 3

What is the purpose of landing gear in helicopters?

Answer 3

To avoid setting the fuselage on the surface and to absorb the impact of hard landings.

Question 4

What is the role of the collective pitch control?

Answer 4

To change the pitch of the main rotor blades simultaneously.

Question 5

What is the function of the cyclic pitch control?

Answer 5

To change the pitch in certain parts of the main rotor disk and control horizontal direction.

Question 6

What do the anti-torque pedals control?

Answer 6

The pitch and thrust of the tail rotor blades.

Question 7

What is the function of a governor in helicopter systems?

Answer 7

To detect engine and rotor rpm and make adjustments to keep rotor rpm constant.

Question 8

What is detonation in engine terms?

Answer 8

Explosive burning of fuel caused by using a lower than recommended grade of fuel.

Question 9

What is pre-ignition?

Answer 9

Fuel burning before intended.

Question 10

What is carburetor icing?

Answer 10

Icing that occurs in the venturi tube of a carburetor and on the throttle valve due to lower pressure and temperature.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the induction system in a helicopter?

Answer 11

To supply air for the engine to operate.

Question 12

What is the main function of the helicopter drive train?

Answer 12

To transmit power from the powerplant to the main and tail rotor.

Question 13

What does the clutch in a helicopter allow?

Answer 13

The engine to be started without the starter having to turn the blades.

Question 14

What is the function of gearboxes in a helicopter?

Answer 14

To change the direction of power and provide either power reduction or increase.

Question 15

What are the basic components of a rotor system?

Answer 15

• Mast
• Swash plate
• Hub
• Rotor Blade

Question 16

What is a semi-rigid rotor system?

Answer 16

A rotor system with blades that are rigidly mounted to the rotor hub but can tilt on a teeter hinge.

Question 17

What is the coanda effect in relation to NOTAR?

Answer 17

The phenomenon where air follows the curve of the tail boom, creating up to 60% of the anti-torque needed at a hover.

Question 18

What are the main components of the electrical system in a helicopter?

Answer 18

• Battery
• Alternator
• Bus Bars
• Circuit Breakers
• Connecting wires
• Electrical accessories

Question 19

What is the purpose of the ignition system in helicopters?

Answer 19

To supply the necessary voltage to power the spark plugs.

Question 20

What is the fuel system in helicopters generally based on?

Answer 20

Gravity fed and typically runs on 100 LL.

Question 21

What should be done to prevent fuel contamination?

Answer 21

Ensure fuel caps are not removed for long periods and verify good fuel is being put into the aircraft.

Question 22

What indicates a fuel malfunction in a helicopter?

Answer 22

Erratic engine operation or sound.

Question 23

When is carburetor heat required?

Answer 23

When temperatures are between -4 and 30 degrees Celsius with a dew point spread below 15 degrees.

Question 24

What is the function of the swashplate in a helicopter?

Answer 24

To transmit the input from the helicopter controls to the main rotor system.

Question 25

What is a key characteristic of the traditional tail rotor?

Answer 25

Rotor blades mounted on the outside of the tail boom.

Question 26

What is the purpose of the auxiliary fuel pump light in the Raven?

Answer 26

Indicates a lack of pressure leaving the auxiliary fuel pump.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The ______ is an electronic sensing device that detects engine and rotor rpm.

Answer 27

[governor]

Question 28

What should be done with contaminated fuel?

Answer 28

Contaminated fuel should be sumped until it is gone completely.

Question 29

What can cause fuel malfunctions?

Answer 29

Fuel malfunctions can be caused by: * Lack of fuel * Fuel contamination * Inadvertent fuel shut-off actuation * Pump failure (in the raven) * Blockage of the fuel filter

Question 30

When should you land if the fuel filter light is on?

Answer 30

Land as soon as practical.

Question 31

What are the four functions of oil?

Answer 31

* Cool - moves heat away from parts * Clean - pulls dirt from between metal parts * Seal - seals in between metal pieces * Lubricate - makes pieces easier to move

Question 32

What components make up the oil system?

Answer 32

* The sump * Oil Pump * Oil Filter * Oil Coolers (R-22 has one, R-44 has two)

Question 33

What should you do if the oil light is illuminated?

Answer 33

Immediately check the engine tach for power loss, then check the oil pressure gauge. If loss of pressure is confirmed, land immediately.

Question 34

What does the hydraulic system in the R-44 allow?

Answer 34

It allows ease of use for the cyclic and collective, as well as dampening feedback from the main rotor.

Question 35

What is the operating pressure for the R-44 hydraulic system?

Answer 35

450-500 PSI.

Question 36

What should you do in case of an engine fire on startup?

Answer 36

Continue cranking and run the engine for a short time to draw the flames in, then pull the mixture and shut the fuel shut-off valve off.

Question 37

What is the recommended action in case of an engine fire in flight?

Answer 37

Enter autorotation, shut off heat, and open vents for fresh air.

Question 38

What is the function of the pitot-static system?

Answer 38

It senses local atmospheric pressure to display altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed.

Question 39

How does the altimeter measure altitude?

Answer 39

It measures the difference between current static pressure and the setting via a sealed aneroid wafer.

Question 40

What does the vertical speed indicator (VSI) measure?

Answer 40

The rate at which pressure changes, displaying a trend in ft. per minute.

Question 41

What is the function of the airspeed indicator?

Answer 41

It measures the dynamic pressure (Ram Pressure) of the air through which the aircraft is flying.

Question 42

What is magnetic dip?

Answer 42

A compass tends to dip toward the nearest magnetic pole.

Question 43

What is variation in compass errors?

Answer 43

The difference between true (grid) north and magnetic north.

Question 44

What should be done to compensate for northerly turning errors (UNOS)?

Answer 44

Use the equation: half our latitude plus fifteen to adjust turns. Undershoot while turning north, overshoot while turning south

Question 45

What is the purpose of the environmental system in an aircraft?

Answer 45

To control the environment within the cabin, including heating and ventilation.

Question 46

What is the purpose of deicing and anti-icing systems?

Answer 46

Deicing removes ice that has built up, while anti-icing prevents ice from forming.

Question 47

What is clear ice?

Answer 47

Large drops of water freeze slowly on the aircraft creating a clear layer of ice.

Question 48

What is rime ice?

Answer 48

Smaller water droplets freeze quickly with air, creating an opaque layer of ice.

Question 49

What is a pneumatic de-ice boot?

Answer 49

A rubber boot that inflates to break ice from the leading edge.

Question 50

What is the main function of the exhaust system?

Answer 50

To carry toxic exhaust gases from the engine and discharge them safely overboard.

Question 51

What should be checked during preflight regarding vibrations?

Answer 51

Flight controls should be verified.

Question 52

What should be done if you lose your tail rotor in flight?

Answer 52

Entering an auto will help remove as much torque as possible.

Question 53

What is the main risk of running the engine without oil pressure?

Answer 53

Serious damage or failure will occur.