Lesson 4: Phonetics Flashcards
phonetic inventory
the set of sounds in a language
What are the three characteristics of consonants?
- place of articulation
- voicing
- manner of articulation
What is a place of articulation?
the part of the mouth that touches or interacts with another area of the vocal tract
bilabials
sounds produced by bringing the lips together
[p], [b], [m]
labiodentals
sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth
[f], [v]
interdentals
sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tougue between upper and lower teeth
[θ], [ƾ]
alveolars
sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar ridge
[t], [n], [l], [r]
palatals
sounds produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the hard palate
[∫], [t∫], [j]
velars
sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum
[k], [g], [ŋ]
glottals
labio-velar
sounds produced by a combination of pursed lips and raising the back of the tongue to the velum
[w]
voiceless sounds
vocal cords are apart and air flows freely through the glottis
voiced sounds
vocal cords are together and air is forced through, causing vibrations
stops
there is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal tract
oral stop
the velum is raised to block the nasal cavity and air flows out thru the mouth
[p], [b], [t], [d], [g], [k]
nasal stop
the velum is lowered to open the nasal cavity and air blows out thru the nose
[m], [n], [ŋ]
aspiration
a puff of air escapes after the stop is released, and before the vocal cords begin vibrating
fricative
major, but not complete, obstruction in the vocal tract that produces a hissing sound and causes friction
[s], [f], [z]
affricate
a stop quickly followed by a fricative
[ʤ], [tʃ]
liquid
some minor obstruction of the vocal tract with the tongue, but air still passes through
[l], [r]
glide
very small obstruction of air flow
[j], [w]
What are the four characteristics of vowels?
- tongue position
- tongue height
- tenseness
- lip rounding
tongue position
front, central, back
tongue height
high, mid, low
tense vowels
muscles are tensed and mouth is relatively narrower
lax vowels
muscles are a bit more relaxed and mouth relatively wider
True or False:
The tense vowels are the traditional English vowels [a], [e], [i], [o], [u].
True
lip rounding
unrounded and rounded
For each set of sounds below, identify all of the feature(s) that they have in common.
[b] [z] [n] [r] [l]
voicing
For each set of sounds below, identify all of the feature(s) that they have in common.
[f] [θ] [s] [ʃ] [h]
manner and voicing
For each set of sounds below, identify all of the feature(s) that they have in common.
[k] [g]
place and manner
For each set of sounds below, identify all of the feature(s) that they have in common.
[i] [u]
height and tenseness
For each set of sounds below, identify all of the feature(s) that they have in common.
[ɪ] [ʊ] [ə] [ɛ]
tenseness
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“cashed”
A. [caʃed]
B. [kæʃt]
C. [kæsht]
D. [cæʧd]
E. [kashed]
F. [caʃt]
[kæʃt]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“selfie”
A. [selfi]
B. [sɛlphi]
C. [sellfi]
D. [sɛlfi]
E. [selfie]
F. [cɛlfi]
[sɛlfi]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“plumber”
A. [plumer]
B. [plʌmər]
C. [plumber]
D. [plʌmmer]
E. [pəlʌmer]
F. [plʊmar]
B. [plʌmər]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“lambs”
A. [lambz]
B. [læms]
C. [lambs]
D. [lamz]
E. [læmz]
F. [lams]
E. [læmz]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“quote”
A. [qwot]
B. [kwot]
C. [kuot]
D. [kwote]
E. [cwot]
F. [quot]
B. [kwot]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“justice”
A. [justis]
B. [ʤʌstɪs]
C. [jʌstice]
D. [ʧʌztɪz]
E. [ʤustice]
F. [djastɪs]
B. [ʤʌstɪs]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“bathed”
A. [bayðd]
B. [beðd]
C. [beyqt]
D. [beðed]
E. [baðd]
F. [bæqd]
B. [beðd]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“express”
A. [ekspres]
B. [ɛksprɛs]
C. [eksprɛss]
D. [ɪgspress]
E. [ɛgzpres]
F. [ɛcsprɛs]
B. [ɛksprɛs]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“giraffe”
A. [jɪræffe]
B. [gɪræf]
C. [ʤɪraf]
D. [jiraf]
E. [gjiræf]
F. [ʤɪræf]
F. [ʤɪræf]
Choose the best transcription of the following words in the recording into IPA.
“psycho”
A. [psajko]
B. [sajcho]
C. [psayko]
D. [sayko]
E. [psajko]
F. [sajko]
F. [sajko]
scoop [skup]
plastic [plastɪk]
meet [mit]
maybe [mebi]
go [go]
slab [slap]
big [bɪk]
need [nit]
Wednesday [wɪnzde]
Select the true statement(s) about the differences between SNAE and ME. (Hint: write phonetic transcriptions of the SNAE words first.)
A. Voiceless stops in SNAE are voiced stops in ME.
B. Word final voiced stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
C. Word initial voiceless fricatives in SNAE are voiced stops in ME.
D. Word final voiceless stops in SNAE are voiced fricatives in ME.
E. Word initial fricatives in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
F. Voiced stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
B. Word final voiced stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
scoop [skup]
plastic [plastɪk]
meet [mit]
maybe [mebi]
go [go]
slab [slap]
big [bɪk]
need [nit]
Wednesday [wɪnzde]
Select the true statement(s) about the differences between SNAE and ME. (Hint: write phonetic transcriptions of the SNAE words first.)
A. Voiceless stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
B. Word final voiceless stops in SNAE are voiced stops in ME.
C. Word initial voiceless fricatives in SNAE are voiced stops in ME.
D. Word final voiceless stops in SNAE are voiced affricates in ME.
E. Word initial fricatives in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
F. Voiced stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
A. Voiceless stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME.
