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CDI 5 > LESSON 4 MIDTERMS > Flashcards

LESSON 4 MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the distinctive way a writer expresses thoughts through language. It encompasses tone, sentence structure, vocabulary, and rhythm.

A

WRITING STYLE

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2
Q

Focus on the technical aspects of writing, including punctuation, spelling, capitalization, grammar, and sentence structure. They ensure that the message is clear and adheres to standardized language rules.

A

WRITING MECHANICS

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3
Q

Is how a writer conveys their message to the audience. It is influenced by the writer’s choices in vocabulary, tone, and sentence structure. It reflects the writer’s personality, purpose, and audience.

A

WRITING STYLE

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4
Q

The writer’s attitude toward the subject (e.g., formal, casual, humorous, serious).

A

TONE

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5
Q

The distinct personality of the writer (e.g., active vs. passive voice).

A

VOICE

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6
Q

How easily the reader can understand the message.

A

CLARITY

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7
Q

Avoiding unnecessary words for a more direct approach.

A

CONCISENESS

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8
Q

Example of Style Elements

A
  1. TONE
  2. VOICE
  3. CLARITY
  4. CONCISENESS
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9
Q

Used in professional, academic, or official contexts. Features full sentences, a serious tone, and precise vocabulary. Example: Academic papers or business emails.

A

FORMAL WRITING STYLE

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10
Q

More casual and conversational. It can include contractions and colloquial language. Example: Text messages or personal blogs.

A

INFORMAL WRITING STYLE

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11
Q

Focuses on telling a story or describing an event. Includes elements like character development and setting.

A

NARRATIVE STYLE

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12
Q

Aims to create vivid images through detailed descriptions, often using sensory language.

A

DESCRIPTIVE STYLE

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13
Q

Presents information or explains concepts clearly and logically without personal opinion.

A

EXPOSITORY STYLE

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14
Q

Seeks to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint, often using strong arguments and emotional appeals.

A

PERSUASIVE STYLE

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15
Q

Types of Writing

A
  1. FORMAL WRITING STYLE
  2. INFORMAL WRITING STYLE
  3. NARRATIVE STYLE
  4. DESCRIPTIVE STYLE
  5. EXPOSITORY STYLE
  6. PERSUASIVE STYLE
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16
Q

Are the technical aspects of writing that ensure clarity and readability. These elements help readers follow the writer’s message without confusion.

A

MECHANICS

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17
Q

Key Components of Mechanics

A
  1. PUNCTUATION
  2. CAPITALIZATION
  3. SPELLING
  4. SENTENCE STRUCTURE
  5. GRAMMAR
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18
Q

Marks such as commas, periods, and question marks that organize and clarify written text.

A

PUNCTUATION

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19
Q

The use of uppercase letters to start sentences and for proper nouns.

A

CAPITALIZATION

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20
Q

Correct letter arrangements to form words.

A

SPELLING

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21
Q

How sentences are formed and connected to ensure clarity.

A

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

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22
Q

The rules for how words, phrases, and clauses interact within sentences.

A

GRAMMAR

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23
Q

Refers to how words, phrases, and clauses are arranged in a sentence.

A

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

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24
Q

Contain a subject and a predicate (e.g., “I read.”).

A

SIMPLE SENTENCES

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25
Combine two independent clauses with a conjunction (e.g., “I read, and I write.”).
COMPOUND SENTENCES
26
Contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., “I read because I enjoy books.”).
COMPLEX SENTENCES
27
Combine two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., “I read because I enjoy books, and I also write for fun.”).
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES
28
The clearer the sentence structure, the easier it is for readers to follow the writer’s message. Avoiding overly complicated structures helps to improve readability.
CLARITY
29
Ensures that sentences are well-constructed, making it easier for the reader to understand the message.
GRAMMAR
30
The subject and verb must match in number (e.g., “She runs” vs. “They run”).
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
31
Correctly using past, present, and future tenses (e.g., “She walked” vs. “She walks”).
VERB TENSES
32
Ensuring pronouns agree in number and gender with their antecedents (e.g., “The girl lost her keys.”).
PRONOUNS
33
Avoid incomplete sentences (fragments) and combining sentences improperly (run-ons).
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS AND RUN-ONS
34
Is the system of symbols and marks used in writing to clarify meaning, separate structural unit, and guide the reader through the text.
PUNCTUATION
35
These marks signal the end of a sentence.
SENTENCE TERMINATORS
36
This marks the end of a declarative sentence.
PERIOD
37
It marks the end of an interrogative sentence.
QUESTION MARK
38
Marks the end of a sentence that expresses strong emotion.
EXCLAMATION POINT
39
These marks help to organize and connects elements with a sentence.
CONNECTORS AND SEPARATORS
40
Used to separate items in a list, join independent clauses, set of introductory phrases and more.
COMMA
41
Used to connect two closely related independent clauses.
SEMICOLON
42
Used to introduce list, explanations or quotation.
COLON
43
Punctuation that represents a pause or that something has been intentionally left out.
ELLIPSES
44
It adds emphasis and represents a thought.
EM DASH
45
It encloses direct speech, titles, or quotations.
QUOTATION MARK
46
It separates alternatives and represents a relationship.
SLASH
47
It provides additional information.
PARENTHESIS
48
These add explanatory information.
SQUARE BRACKETS
49
It denotes the word “and.”
AMPERSAND
50
It indicates a reference or a footnote.
ASTERISK
51
Is an essential tool for effective communication, it helps you to express your ideas clearly, accurately and with the desired impact.
PUNCTUATION
52
Is the process of representing words with written symbols, is a fundamental skill crucial for effective communication.
SPELLING
53
It’s a complex process involving phonological awareness (understanding the sounds of language), orthographic knowledge (understanding the visual representation of words), and morphological awareness (understanding how word parts contribute to meaning).
SPELLING
54
Is essential for clear writing, academic success, and professional credibility. Conversely, poor spelling can hinder communication, lead to misunderstandings, and negatively impact an individual’s self-esteem.
ACCURATE SPELLING
55
Correct spelling ensures that written messages are easily understood. Misspelled words can alter meaning and create confusion for the reader.
CLARITY OF COMMUNICATION
56
Spelling is a significant component of writing assessments across all academic disciplines. Students with strong spelling skills are better equipped to express their knowledge and ideas effectively.
ACADEMIC SUCCESS
57
The process of learning to spell reinforces connections between sounds, letters, and meanings, contributing to overall literacy development.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
58
Many English sounds can be represented by multiple spellings (e.g., the “sh” sound can be spelled “sh,” “ti,” “ci,” or “ch”), and some letters can represent multiple sounds (e.g., the letter “a” in “cat,” “father,” and “want”).
INCONSISTENT SOUND-SYSMBOL CORRESPONDENCES
59
Many English words contain silent letters that are not pronounced but are essential for correct spelling (e.g., “knife,” “debt,” “island”).
SILENT LETTERS
60
Words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings (e.g., “there,” “their,” “they’re”) can be a source of confusion.
HOMOPHONES
61
Developing visual memory for frequently used words can improve spelling accuracy.
VISUAL MEMORY
62
Extensive reading exposes students to a wide range of vocabulary and spelling patterns, contributing to implicit learning.
READING WIDELY
63
Consistent practice through activities such as dictation, word games, and proofreading is essential for reinforcing spelling skills.
REGULAR PRACTICE
64
Spell checkers and other technological tools can be helpful aids, but they should not replace explicit instruction and practice.
TECHNOLOGY
65
Refers to the use of uppercase letters at the beginning of specific words to follow grammatical conventions, provide emphasis, or denote proper nouns and other special categories. It is a fundamental aspect of written communication in many languages.
CAPITALIZATION
66
Proper capitalization ensures readability and conveys professionalism.
CLARITY AND PROFESSIONALISM
67
It distinguishes between proper nouns (“John”) and common nouns (“man”).
DIFFERENTIATION OF WORDS
68
Following capitalization rules is crucial for adhering to grammatical standards and style guides.
GRAMMAR AND STYLE CONSISTENCY
69
Rules of Capitalization
1. FIRST WORD OF A SENTENCE 2. PROPER NOUNS AND TITLES 3. TITLES OF WORKS 4. DAYS, MONTHS AND HOLIDAYS 5. PRONOUN "I" 6. ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS 7. NAMES OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND DOCUMENTS
70
Using uppercase letters unnecessarily.
OVERCAPITALIZATION
71
Failing to capitalize where required.
UNDERCAPITALIZATION
72
Following capitalization rules in essays and papers.
ACADEMIC WRITING
73
Ensuring proper capitalization in emails and official documents.
PROFESISONAL COMMUNICATION
74
Using capitalization for emphasis and stylistic effects.
CREATIVE WRITING
75
Is more than a grammatical convention, it is a critical tool for effective communication.
CAPITALIZATION
76
Is a shortened form of a word or phrase. It is used to save space and time in order to avoid repetition of long words and phrases, and simply to conform to the rules on conventional usage.
ABBREVIATION
77
Types of Abbreviation
1. INITIALISM 2. ACRONYM 3. SHORTENING 4. CONTRACTION
78
Is formed from the first letters of a group of words. We pronounce each letter individually.
INITIALISM
79
Is formed from the first letters of a group of words. We pronounce as a word.
ACRONYM
80
Is an abbreviation in which the beginning or end of the word has been dropped.
SHORTNENING
81
Are abbreviations in which we drop letters from the middle of a word.
CONTRACTIONS

CDI 5 (6 decks)

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