Lesson 4: DNA Structure Flashcards
What is DNA composed of?
DNA is composed of a chain of nucleotides.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is arranged in a double helix with anti-parallel strands.
What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together?
Hydrogen bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together.
What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
The sugar found in DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose.
What type of bonds join nitrogenous bases to sugars?
Glycosyl bonds join nitrogenous bases to sugars.
What is the significance of the 3’ and 5’ ends in DNA?
The 3’ and 5’ ends indicate the directionality of the DNA strands.
What is Chargaff’s Rule?
Amount of A equals that of T (A=T) and amount of C equals that of G (C=G).
What is complementary base pairing?
A purine always pairs with a pyrimidine.
What can be determined if you know the sequence of one DNA strand?
You can find the sequence of the complementary strand.
What are the sequences of STRAND 1 and STRAND 2?
STRAND 1: 5’ ATGCCGTA 3’
STRAND 2: 3’ TACGGCAT 5’.
Who were the scientists that won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for DNA structure discovery?
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins.
What was Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to DNA research?
Her work in x-ray crystallography revealed the structure of the DNA molecule.
What did the ‘cross’ formed of dark spots indicate in DNA structure?
It indicated that the molecule had a helical structure.
