Lesson 2: Meiosis Flashcards
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
DNA must replicate to ensure genetic information is passed on.
Why must cells divide?
Cells must divide for three reasons: protection, healing, and tissue separation.
What does mitosis produce?
Mitosis produces body cells.
What happens to the number of chromosomes in daughter cells during mitosis?
The number of chromosomes in each daughter cell stays the same.
What does meiosis produce?
Meiosis produces gametes (sex cells).
What characterizes asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent.
What is the chromosome number in gametes compared to parent cells?
The number of chromosomes is half of the parent cell.
What is a key characteristic of offspring from sexual reproduction?
Offspring are genetically different from the parents.
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Sexually reproducing organisms are better able to adapt to changing environments.
What occurs in meiosis I?
In meiosis I, homologous pairs separate.
What occurs in meiosis II?
In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.
How many stages of division does meiosis involve?
In meiosis, the cell goes through two stages of division.
How many haploid cells are formed after meiosis?
Four haploid cells are formed.
What happens during mistakes in crossing over?
Pieces of genetic information are exchanged but do not re-attach properly.
What is deletion in the context of crossing over?
When exchanged information does not reattach to the chromosome.
What is inversion?
A segment of DNA reattaches to the chromosome but in the reverse order.
What is duplication?
The exchanged information is repeated on the chromosome.
What is translocation?
Movement of information from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome.
What is nondisjunction in meiosis I?
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate.
What is nondisjunction in meiosis II?
Failure of sister chromatids to separate.
What are the gametes produced from nondisjunction in meiosis I?
n+1, n-1, n-1.
What are the gametes produced from nondisjunction in meiosis II?
n+1, n-1.
