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Biology Genetics UNIT > Lesson 1: Intro To Genetics > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Intro To Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all living things contain?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cells.

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2
Q

Where is DNA located in humans?

A

In the nucleus of cells.

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3
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Organized packets of DNA.

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4
Q

What are the functions of genes?

A

1) Code for proteins
2) Aid in the maintenance of cells
3) Control a particular trait.

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

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6
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Most cells that have the normal number of chromosomes, said to be diploid.

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7
Q

What are gametes?

A

Cells (i.e. egg and sperm) that have half the number of chromosomes, said to be haploid.

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8
Q

What are the key nucleotides in DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C).

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9
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

A double helix with sugar-phosphate backbones.

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10
Q

What forms the rungs of the DNA ladder?

A

Hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides (A-T and G-C).

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11
Q

What do the chromosomes from parents consist of?

A

The chromosomes from the parents are of the same type, just different variations, so each child has 23 pairs of similar chromosomes.

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12
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes?

A

22 pairs are known as autosomes.

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13
Q

What are the last pair of chromosomes known as?

A

The last pair are known as the sex chromosomes and determine an individual’s sex organs.

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14
Q

What are variations of genes that control traits called?

A

Variations of genes that control traits are called alleles, one from each parent.

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15
Q

How many copies of each chromosome does a person have?

A

Each person has two copies of each chromosome, resulting in two alleles for a trait.

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16
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is a process that produces two identical daughter cells.

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17
Q

What does mitosis produce?

A

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells that contain important genetic material.

18
Q

Why is mitosis important?

A

Mitosis is important because it allows for growth and repair of tissues.

19
Q

Who is responsible for the discovery of alleles?

A

The person responsible for the discovery of alleles is Gregor Mendel.

20
Q

What are the sex chromosomes?

A

The sex chromosomes are X and Y, and they have fewer genes compared to autosomes.

21
Q

What is the role of cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

22
Q

What occurs during interphase?

A

During interphase, DNA synthesis occurs, preparing the cell for mitosis.

23
Q

Alele

A

A variant form of a gene.

24
Q

Bene

A

A term often used in genetics to describe beneficial traits.

25
Q

Benehts

A

Not a standard term in genetics; possibly a typo or misinterpretation.

26
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cells that unite during fertilization.

27
Q

Karyotype

A

The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

28
Q

Homologous

A

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

29
Q

Fertilization

A

The process of combining male and female gametes.

30
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an individual.

31
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.

32
Q

Allele

A

One of two or more versions of a gene.

33
Q

Phenotypes

A

The observable characteristics of an organism.

34
Q

Chromatid

A

One half of a duplicated chromosome.

35
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA that contains coding for a protein.

36
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

37
Q

Chromatin

A

The material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and proteins.

38
Q

Genetics

A

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

39
Q

Homozygous

A

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

40
Q

Tetrad

A

A structure containing four chromatids formed during meiosis.

41
Q

Genetics Vocabulary

A

Terms and definitions related to the field of genetics.

Biology Genetics UNIT (8 decks)

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