Lesson 4- Correlations

Question 1

What is correlation and where is the data used obtained from?

Answer 1

Correlations- technique for analysing strength of relationship between
2 quantitative variables (co-variables)
- Data for correlation obtained from non-experimental source e.g. survey

Question 2

What are the 4 types of correlation/correlational analysis?

Answer 2

1) Positive ➕
2) Negative ➖
3) No ✖️
4) Curvilinear

Question 3

What is a positive ➕ correlation?

Answer 3

Positive ➕ correlation- as one variable ⬆️ , the other variable ⬆️ as well e.g. no. of🍦 sold ⬆️ as the temperature☀️ ⬆️

Question 4

What is a negative ➖ correlation?

Answer 4

Negative ➖ correlation- as one variable ⬆️, the other variable ⬇️ e.g. the ⬆️ ⏰ a 👨‍🎓 spends playing video games, the ⬇️ grade A’s they will achieve in exams

Question 5

What is no ✖️ correlation?

Answer 5

No ✖️ correlation- ✖️ relationship between 2 variables (co-variables) e.g. ✖️ relationship between head size & IQ levels

Question 6

What is the strength of the correlation also known as?

Answer 6

Correlation coefficient

Question 7

What numbers can a correlation coefficient be between?

Answer 7

Strength of correlation can be between -1 & +1

Question 8

What number would a strong 💪 positive ➕ correlation coefficient be?

Answer 8

💪 ➕ correlation coefficient = number closer to +1

Question 9

What number would a strong 💪 negative ➖ correlation coefficient be?

Answer 9

💪 ➖ correlation= number closer to -1

Question 10

What number would a No ✖️ correlation coefficient be?

Answer 10

✖️ correlation = 0- correlation coefficient number closer to 0 shown as ✖️ correlation

Question 11

What are correlations plotted on?

Answer 11

Scattergram/scattergraph

Question 12

Describe the 4 types of correlation graphs (what they look like)

Answer 12

1) Positive ➕- upwards graph from bottom left to top right
2) Negative ➖- downwards graph from top left to bottom right
3) No ✖️- straight horizontal line from left to right
4) Curvilinear- upwards graph from bottom left to middle then downwards from middle to bottom right (n shape)

Question 13

What are the evaluation points for correlations?

Answer 13

👎- ✖️ demonstrate cause & effect- which variable influences the other e.g does ⬆️ stress causes an ⬆️ in cholesterol or vice versa?
👍- establish strength of relationship of 2 variables & measure it precisely
👎- 3rd unknown variable- may influence both variables despite seeming to be correlation between co-variables- in reality ✖️ related e.g. an unhealthy diet causes ⬆️ in cholesterol (rather than stress causing ⬆️)
👍- investigate things that cannot be manipulated experimentally for ethical or practical reasons e.g. relationship between ⬆️ stress & cardiovascular disease- unethical to intentionally inflict stress or cardiovascular disease upon pps BUT occurring naturally ok