Lesson 3- Self-Report Techniques Flashcards
What are self report techniques?
Self-Report Techniques- research methods where pps give info about themselves without researcher interference- possibly without presence of researcher
What is quantitative data?
Quantitative data- counted or expressed numerically e.g. closed Q (yes, no)
What is qualitative data?
Qualitative data- non-numerical data- uses words for description of what ppl 💭 & feel- open Q- in depth A about opinions- e.g. “What are your views about recycling?”
What are interviews?
Interviews- involve researchers asking Q face-to-face situations
What are the 3 types of interviews?
1) Structured
2) Unstructured
3) Semi-structured
What is a structured interview?
Structured Interview- all pps asked same Q in same order- provides quantitative data
What are the evaluation points for a structured interview?
👎- lack qualitative data- ✖️ in depth- A restrictive & factual BUT lack meaning & depth … results might be invalid ✖️ & ✖️ accurately measuring 🔑 variables in aim
👍- clarification- Q clarified if Pps misunderstands Q in interview … ⬆️ accurate results
👎- interviewer effects- interviewer unintentionally affects pps A- affects data collected- potentially invalid ✖️
👍- quick⚡️- compared to unstructured interviews- closed Q require yes/no answer- ⬇️ ⏰ consuming
What is a unstructured interview?
Unstructured Interview- informal in-depth conversational exchange between interviewer & interviewee- Q ✖️ pre planned BUT consist of themes (discussion topics)- provides qualitative data
What are the evaluation points of an unstructured interview?
👎- social desirability bias (ppl lie to present themselves in ➕ 💡)- … results might ✖️ be very valid/accurate
👍- useful with investigating sensitive/controversial topics- allow for searching of info to gain real understanding of topic being investigated
👎- training- interviewer must be well trained to accurately conduct unstructured interview & gain relevant data- ⏰ consuming & 💵- ⬆️ training needed for unstructured than structured
👍- ⬆️ flexible Q- Q adapted/changed depending on pps A- allows development of A
What is a semi-structured interview?
Semi-structured Interview- combines mixture of structured & unstructured techniques- produces quantitative & qualitative data- consists of closed Q & open Q- some Q pre planned & ALSO themes
What are the evaluation points of a semi-structured interview?
👎- social desirability bias- pps may lie- portray themselves in ➕💡 especially during controversial topics … inaccurate results
👍- detail- generated because mix of closed & open Q- variety of responses
👎- ⬆️ ⏰ consuming than structured interview- open ended Q ALSO make comparison difficult
👍- flexible- allows interviewer to develop Q depending on pps A-> ⬆️ detail
What is a Questionnaire?
Questionnaires- pps given written set of Q & instructions how to record their A- focus on pps 🏃♂, opinions, beliefs & attitudes- self-administered, delivered by post, internet, face to face
What things should you consider when designing a questionnaire?
1) Type of data- qualitative and/or quantitative data- affects Q asked (open or closed
2) Ambiguity- avoid Q & answer options- not clearly defined e.g. do you listen to music frequently? What is meant by frequently?
3) Double barrelled questions- ✖️ use them- pps may answer differently to each part- e.g. do you agree modern music is not as good as the music of the 1960s & that there should be more guitar based music in the charts?- 2 different Q asked
4) Leading questions- lead pps for particular answer e.g. how tall was the man?- assumes man was tall
5) Complexity- use clear English for Q & avoid slang- specialist terms should be clearly defined
What are the evaluation points for questionnaires?
👎- Ambiguity- Q unclear & wording might ✖️ be clear- researcher ✖️ there to explain Q-> Pps may misunderstand Q-> invalid ✖️ data
👍- Quick, easy, & cheap- large sample can be used to collect large amount of data -> ⬆️ accurate results representing opinions of population ⬆️ accurately
👎- ⬇️ response rate especially if sent by the post & need to be returned- ALSO ✖️ researcher to remind pps to fill in questionnaire & return it- questionnaires unanswered OR filled in & ✖️ returned
👍- ⏰ efficient because researcher does ✖️ have to be present for questionnaire to be completed. Questionnaires are more time efficient than other research methods such as an interview which can take a long amount of time to conduct
