Lesson 14- Mathematical concepts & distributions

Question 1

What type of data is included in a table?

Answer 1

Tables- data includes ✖️ raw scores BUT descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency/dispersion)

Question 2

What are the 4 types of graphs most used in psychology?

Answer 2

1) Bar Charts
2) Histograms
3) Line graph
4) Scattergram/scattergraph

Question 3

What is a bar chart?

Answer 3

Bar charts- used for nominal (discrete) data- height of bar represents frequency of item- space left between bars- indicates lack of continuity

Question 4

Describe what a bar chart looks like

Answer 4

Straight bars with gaps between them … shows discrete data 📊

Question 6

What is a histogram?

Answer 6

Histograms- used for ordinal (continuous) or interval data- area within bars proportional to frequencies represented- y-axis start at 0- ✖️ no gaps between the bars

Question 7

Describe what a histogram looks like

Answer 7

Straight bars with no gaps between them … shows continuous data

Question 8

What is a line graph?

Answer 8

Line graphs- represent ordinal (continuous) or interval data- points connected by lines- show changes in value- IV plotted on x-axis & DV on y-axis

Question 9

Describe what a line graph looks like

Answer 9

Lines plotted together by joining together dots

Question 10

What is a scattergram/scattergraph?

Answer 10

Scattergrams/scattergraphs- show associations between co-variables (correlations)- either co-variable occupies x-axis & other occupies y-axis- the closer the points to straight line the 💪 the correlation

Question 11

What are the 3 types of distribution?

Answer 11

1) Positive ➕ skew
2) Negative➖ skew
3) Normal (symmetrical) distribution

Question 12

What is positive ➕ skew?

Answer 12

Positive skew- most data concentrated on left of graph- mode at highest point of peak- median comes next BUT mean dragged across towards right ➡️

Question 13

What is negative ➖ skew?

Answer 13

Negative skew- most data concentrated on right of graph- mode at highest point of peak- median comes next BUT mean dragged across towards left ⬅️

Question 14

What is normal (symmetrical) distribution?

Answer 14

Normal (symmetrical) distribution- opposite U shaped curve- symmetrical- most ppl located in middle area of curve & very few at extreme ends- mean, mode & median all occupy same mid-point of curve- ends of curve never touch horizontal x-axis (never reach 0) as ⬆️ extreme scores always possible

Question 15

Describe what a scattergram/scattergraph looks like

Answer 15

Dots marking the relationship between one variable to another