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Organic Chemistry > Lesson 4: Alkynes > Flashcards

Lesson 4: Alkynes Flashcards

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1
Q

A hydrocarbon with double bonds

A

Alkenes

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2
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon where some hydrogen have been replaced by triple carbon-carbon bonds. (replaced by pi bonds)

A

Alkynes

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3
Q

General formula of alkynes

A

CsubnHsub2n-2

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4
Q

In the general formula of alkynes n represents

A

Number of carbon atoms

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5
Q

Carbons in triple bond are ______________ and have linear geometry

A

sp hybridized

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6
Q

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds=

A

3 bonds

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7
Q

Carbon triple bond is _________ than carbon double bond

A

Stronger

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8
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons are easy to break. Opening opportunity for __________.

A

Reactions

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9
Q

Open bonds from the uncoiling of triple and double bonds, the opened bonds could provide connections for carbon atoms to attach to, a process we call ______________.

A

Polymerization

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10
Q

In the rules for naming alkynes, you need to find the longest carbon chain that includes both _________ of the ___________.

A

Carbons, triple bonds

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11
Q

Rules for naming alkynes: Number the longest chain starting at the end _________ to the triple bond.

A

Closest

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12
Q

Rules for naming an alkyne:
Label each of the ___________ at its corresponding carbon.

A

Substituents

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13
Q

If there are more than one of the same substituent use the prefixes ____, ____, and ______ and so on.

A

di, tri and tetra

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14
Q

Rules for naming an alkyne:
If there is an alcohol present, number the longest chain starting at the end closest to it. However, the suffix would be ________, because the alcohol takes priority over the triple bond.

A

—ynol

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15
Q

Rules for naming an alkyne:
When there are two triple bonds in the molecule, find the longest carbon chain including both the __________. The suffix that would be used to name this molecule would be —diyne.

A

Triple bonds

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16
Q

Rules for naming an alkyne:
Substituents containing a triple bond are called _________.

A

Alkynyl

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17
Q

Rules for naming an alkyne:
A molecule that contains both double and triple bond is called an __________. The chain can be numbered starting with the end closest to the functional group that appears first.

A

Alkenyne

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18
Q

Alkyne nomenclature: Common name
The basis of all common Name for alkyne is the simplest form of alkyne—__________.

A

Acetylene

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19
Q

Consists of a closed ring of carbon atoms containing one or more triple bonds.

A

Cycloalkyne

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20
Q

The linear nature of alkyne unit makes cycloalkyne _________. Hence, they are very occurring organic compounds.

A

Strained

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21
Q

General formula of cycloalkyne

A

CsubnHsub2n-4

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22
Q

Physical properties of alkyne:
Alkynes are ________, __________ with characteristics that are comparable to those of Alkanes and alkenes.

A

Unsaturated, nonpolar hydrocarbons

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23
Q

Physical properties of alkynes:
Molecules with a _________ between carbon atoms.

A

Triple bond

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24
Q

Physical properties of alkynes:
Two types of alkynes

A

Terminal and internal

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25
Q

Physical properties of alkyne:
A carbon-carbon triple bond at the end of the carbon chain.

A

Terminal alkynes

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26
Q

Are those that have a carbon-carbon bond in the middle of the carbon chain.

A

Internal alkynes

27
Q

Boiling and melting point:
Alkynes have a ___________ because they contain a triple bond.

A

Higher boiling point

28
Q

Boiling point and melting point:
____________ is more susceptible to distortion due to the increased number of weakly held electrons in the compound.

A

Electric field

29
Q

Boiling and melting points:
Alkynes have higher boiling points because of their ______________.

A

Linear structure

30
Q

Boiling and melting points:
Alkynes rise in proportion to the size of their ____________.

A

Molecular structures

31
Q

Boiling point:
Alkynes, like ethyne, has linear structure because the carbon atom underwent _____________.

A

sp hybridization

32
Q

Boiling point:
Boiling rises with the increase in molar mass for a group of ______________.

A

Subsequent alkynes

33
Q

Density:
Alkynes are lighter and has ________ density than water

A

Lower

34
Q

Density:
Alkynes become more dense as _______ increases.

A

Mass

35
Q

Physical state:
Alkynes are _______ and ________.

A

Odorless and colorless

36
Q

Physical state:
The first three alkynes are ______,and the next eight alkynes are _________.

A

Gases, liquids

37
Q

Physical state:
All alkynes higher than 11 alkynes are ________.

A

Solids

38
Q

Physical state:
The first three alkynes that are all gaseous substances.

A

Ethyne, propyne and butyne

39
Q

Solubility:
Alkynes ________ in organic solvents.

A

Dissolve

40
Q

Solubility:
Alkynes have slight solubility in ______________.

A

Polar solvents

41
Q

Solubility:
Alkynes are ________ in water.

A

Insoluble

42
Q

Polarity:
Alkynes are _________ due to slight solubility in polar solvents and insoluble in water.

A

Nonpolar

43
Q

Polarity:
Alkynes are more __________ than alkenes and alkanes.

A

Electronegative

44
Q

Alkynes are more electronegative than alkenes and alkanes due to their _________ carbon atom.

A

sp hybridized

45
Q

Reaction of alkynes:
The principal reaction of the alkynes is _______ across the triple bond to form alkanes.

A

Addition reaction

46
Q

Alkynes undergo catalytic hydrogenation with the same catalysts used in _____________.

A

Alkene hydrogenation

47
Q

Alkyne hydrogenation follows the same process as _______________.

A

Alkene hydrogenation

48
Q

In low temperature liquid ammonia, alkynes can also be __________ with sodium.

A

Hydrogenated

49
Q

The process for adding halogens to an alkyne is the same as for adding halogens to alkenes.

A

Halogenation

50
Q

Hydrogen halides react with alkynes in the same manner as they do with alkenes.

A

Hydrohalogenation

51
Q

The addition of the elements of water across the triple bond of an alkyne leads to the formation of Aldehydes and Ketones.

A

Hydration

52
Q

Water adds across the triple bond of an alkyne via a ______________.

A

Carbocation mechanism

53
Q

Alkynes are oxidized by the same reagents that oxidize alkenes.

A

Oxidation

54
Q

Ozonolysis of an alkyne also leads to ______________.

A

Carboxylic acid formation

55
Q

Alkynes can be polymerize by both _________ and _________ methods.

A

Cationic and free-radical

56
Q

Alkynes can be polymerized by both cationic and free-radical methods.

A

Polymerization

57
Q

Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes, but can react twice because of the presence of the two _______ in the triple bonds.

A

Pi bonds

58
Q

Three isomers of pentyne:

A

Pent-1-yne, pent-2-yne and 3-methylbut-1-yne

59
Q

Triple-bonded carbons are sp-hybridized, and have linear shapes, with the bonded atoms at angles of ______ to each other. Because of this linear shape, geometric isomerism does not occur in alkynes.

A

180°

60
Q

The simplest of the alkynes, consisting of two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond, leaving each carbon able to bond to one hydrogen atom.

A

Ethyne (acetylene)

61
Q

It is due to the different arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain that is straight-chain or branched.

A

Chain isomerism

62
Q

It is due to the difference in the location of the triple bond.

A

Position isomerism

63
Q

Alkynes are isometric with alkadienes both being represented by the general formula CsubnHsub2n-2.

A

Functional isomerism

Organic Chemistry (4 decks)

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