Lesson 3: Alkenes Flashcards
Types of hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Do not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Contain carbon-carbon double bonds.
Alkenes
General formula of alkenes
CsubnHsub2n
In alkenes, molecule is ___________ because the carbon and hydrogen atoms all lie in the same plane.
Flat or planar
Hybridization of alkenes
Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Orbitals
Result from combinations of orbitals within a given atom, either prior to or as bonding with another atom takes place.
Hybrid Orbitals
Result from combinations of orbitals between atoms as bonding takes place to form molecules.
Molecular Orbitals
The sp2 orbitals are arranged in a __________ around the central carbon atom, with bond angles of 120°.
Trigonal planar shape
The unhybridized P orbital is ___________ to the plane.
Perpendicular
End-on-end overlap of the sp2 orbitals to make a ___________.
Sigma bond
Side-to-side overlap of the unhybridized P orbitals to make a __________.
Pi-bond
Because of the pi- bond, ___________ is not possible around carbon-carbon double bonds.
Free rotation
Since each carbon in the double bond is trigonal planar in shape, the entire ethylene molecule is a ___________, with the atoms separated by bond angles of 120°
Flat molecule
In longer Alkyl chains, the additional carbon atoms attached to each other by __________.
Single covalent bonds
Each carbon atom is also attached to a sufficient hydrogen atoms to produce a total of __________ about itself.
Four single covalent bonds
Existence of isomers that differ in the orientation of their atoms in space.
Stereoisomers
An isomers in which the two substituents (the methyl and ethyl groups) are on the same side of the double bond, is called _________.
Cis isomer
An isomers with two non hydrogen substituents on opposite sides of the double bond is called ________.
Trans isomer
If more than two substituents are attached to the carbon atoms of a double bond, the cis and trans system _____________.
Cannot be used
-bisected vertically through the double bond.
E-Z system
If the two atoms are in the cis position, the arrangement is ___.
Z
Z for German zusammen meaning ________.
Together
If the atoms or groups are in the trans position, Tha arrangement is ___.
E
E for German entgegen, meaning ________.
Opposite
System on which the organic chemists utilize to circumvent problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature.
International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry
The suffix for alkene
-ene
Rules of the IUPAC system for naming alkenes.
- Name the parent hydrocarbon.
- Number the carbon atoms in the chain.
- Write the full name.
A cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds within the ring system.
Cycloalkenes
Alkenes substituents are called __________
Alkenyl groups
A noncycli hydrocarbon substituents in which a C-C double bond is present.
Alkenyl grouos