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ENVISCI > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the changes in the numbers and composition of individuals in a population within a study unit and the factor that affect these numbers.

A

Population Dynamics

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2
Q

The study area of population dynamics can be: (BPEG)

A
  1. biological
  2. political
  3. engineered area
  4. geographical
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3
Q

As environmental scientists and engineers, evaluating population dynamics is critical to

A
  1. understanding how environmental perturbations affect population,
  2. predicting human populations so as to determine water resource needs,
  3. predicting bacterial population in engineered systems, and
  4. using populations as indicators of environmental quality
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4
Q

Factors that cause populations to change may be related to or independent of the number of organisms in the study area. These factors can be classified as:

A
  1. density-dependent
  2. density-independent
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5
Q

It refers the number of organisms per unit area or volume.

A

Population Density (or Density)

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6
Q

These are, as implied, a function of density.

A

Density-dependent factors

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7
Q

True or False. Density-dependent factors are, as implied, a function of population.

A

False (population - density)

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8
Q

These are those factors that act on a population independent on the size of the population.

A

Density-independent factors

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9
Q

It states that the rate at which a certain quantity increases or decreases is proportional to the amount present at any time, t. T

A

Compound Interest Law or Law of Population Growth

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10
Q

Who made the Compound Interest Law?

A

Lord Kelvin

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11
Q

These are relevant to environmerntal scientists and engineers because of their importance in wastewater treatment and water quality.

A

dynamics of bacterial population

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12
Q

The dynamics of bacterial population are relevant to environmerntal scientists and engineers because of their importance in ____________ and ____________.

A
  1. wastewater treatment
  2. water quality
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13
Q

The major groups of requirements necessary for bacterial growth are as follows:

A
  1. A terminal electron acceptor
  2. Macronutrients
    2.1 Carbon to build cells
    2.2 Nitrogen to build cells
    2.3 Phosphorus for ATP (energy carrier) and DNA
    2.4 Trace metals
    2.5 Vitamins are required by some bacteria
  3. Appropriate environment
    3.1 Moisture
    3.2 Temperature
    3.3 pH
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14
Q

The population of bacteria (P) after the nth generation is given by the following expression:

A

P = P0(2)^n

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15
Q

Population dynamics involve five basic components to which all changes in population can be related:

A
  1. birth
  2. death
  3. gender ratio
  4. age structure
  5. dispersal
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16
Q

A number of components affect a population’s birth rate:

A
  1. the amount and quantity of food,
  2. age at first reproduction,
  3. the birth interval, and
  4. the average number of young born per pregnancy.
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17
Q

It is defined as the number of animals that die per unit time divided by the number of animals alive at the beginning of that time period.

A

Death or mortality rate

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18
Q

True or False. Death or mortality rate is defined as the number of animals that die per unit time divided by the number of humans alive at the beginning of that time period.

A

False. humans - animals

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19
Q

It is the proportion of males to females within population.

A

Gender ratio

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20
Q

It will greatly affect the population.

A

mating system (monogamous vs. polygamous)

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21
Q

This will affect population dynamics. This is because of age-specific mortality and pregnancy rates.

A

Age structure

22
Q

Age structure will affect population dynamics. This is because of ___________ and ______________

A
  1. age-specific mortality
  2. pregnancy rates
23
Q

It is defined as the movement of animal from the location of its birth to a new area where it lives and reproduces

A

Dispersal

24
Q

Which gender are usuallly to disperse?

A

males

25
Q

Dispersal usually does not occur until the animal is an ________.

A

adult

26
Q

__________ usually does not occur until the animal is an adult

A

dispersal

27
Q

It is important to environmental engineers because it is the basis for the determination of design capacity for municipal and wastewater treatment systems and for water reservoirs.

A

Predicting the dynamics of human population

28
Q

These are important in the development of resources and pollutant management plans.

A

Population predictions

29
Q

Human population dynamics also depend on this five factors

A
  1. birth
  2. death
  3. gender ratio
  4. age structure
  5. dispersal
30
Q

In human populations, dispersal is referred to as an _______ and ___________.

A
  1. immigration
  2. emigration
31
Q

In human populations, _________ is referred to as an immigration and emigration.

A

dispersal

32
Q

What are the four phase of bacterial growth?

A
  1. Lag
  2. Exponential
  3. Stationary
  4. Death
33
Q

In this phase, cells are metabolically active but not dividing.

A

Lag

34
Q

In this phase, the cell grows exponentially.

A

Exponential

35
Q

It is where a single cell splits into two equal cells after generation period.

A

Binary Fission

36
Q

In this phase, the growth stays or become constant.

A

Stationary

37
Q

In this phase, the growth reaches a certain plateau or flat point.

A

Stationary

38
Q

In this phase, there is a exponential decrease in the number of living cell.

A

Death

39
Q

What are the three types of dispersal?

A
  1. Uniform Dispersion
  2. Random Dispersion
  3. Clumped Dispersion
40
Q

It is the number of individuals an area can support.

A

Carrying capacity

41
Q

It is the act of entering a foreign country, often for permanent residency.

A

Immigration

42
Q

It is the entering of a foreign country.

A

Immigration

43
Q

It is the movement into different country.

A

Immigration

44
Q

It is the act of leaving one’s country to settle permanently in another country.

A

Emigration

45
Q

It is leaving the country.

A

Emigration

46
Q

It is the movement out of the present country.

A

Emigration

47
Q

Factors that depend on population size.

A

Density Dependent Limiting Factors

48
Q

Give examples of density dependent limiting factors.

A
  • competition
  • predation
  • food
  • disease
  • parasitism
49
Q

Competition, predation, food, disease, and parasitism are examples of what?

A

Density Dependent Limiting Factors

50
Q

Affect all population in a similar way of independent of population size.

A

Density Independent Limiting Factors

51
Q

Give examples of density independent limiting factors.

A
  • draught
  • wildfire
  • volcanic eruption
  • hurricane
  • deforestation
52
Q

Draught, wildfire, volcanic eruption, hurricane, and deforestation are examples of what?

A

Density independent limiting factors

ENVISCI (7 decks)

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