Lesson 4 Flashcards
It is the study of the changes in the numbers and composition of individuals in a population within a study unit and the factor that affect these numbers.
Population Dynamics
The study area of population dynamics can be: (BPEG)
- biological
- political
- engineered area
- geographical
As environmental scientists and engineers, evaluating population dynamics is critical to
- understanding how environmental perturbations affect population,
- predicting human populations so as to determine water resource needs,
- predicting bacterial population in engineered systems, and
- using populations as indicators of environmental quality
Factors that cause populations to change may be related to or independent of the number of organisms in the study area. These factors can be classified as:
- density-dependent
- density-independent
It refers the number of organisms per unit area or volume.
Population Density (or Density)
These are, as implied, a function of density.
Density-dependent factors
True or False. Density-dependent factors are, as implied, a function of population.
False (population - density)
These are those factors that act on a population independent on the size of the population.
Density-independent factors
It states that the rate at which a certain quantity increases or decreases is proportional to the amount present at any time, t. T
Compound Interest Law or Law of Population Growth
Who made the Compound Interest Law?
Lord Kelvin
These are relevant to environmerntal scientists and engineers because of their importance in wastewater treatment and water quality.
dynamics of bacterial population
The dynamics of bacterial population are relevant to environmerntal scientists and engineers because of their importance in ____________ and ____________.
- wastewater treatment
- water quality
The major groups of requirements necessary for bacterial growth are as follows:
- A terminal electron acceptor
- Macronutrients
2.1 Carbon to build cells
2.2 Nitrogen to build cells
2.3 Phosphorus for ATP (energy carrier) and DNA
2.4 Trace metals
2.5 Vitamins are required by some bacteria - Appropriate environment
3.1 Moisture
3.2 Temperature
3.3 pH
The population of bacteria (P) after the nth generation is given by the following expression:
P = P0(2)^n
Population dynamics involve five basic components to which all changes in population can be related:
- birth
- death
- gender ratio
- age structure
- dispersal
A number of components affect a population’s birth rate:
- the amount and quantity of food,
- age at first reproduction,
- the birth interval, and
- the average number of young born per pregnancy.
It is defined as the number of animals that die per unit time divided by the number of animals alive at the beginning of that time period.
Death or mortality rate
True or False. Death or mortality rate is defined as the number of animals that die per unit time divided by the number of humans alive at the beginning of that time period.
False. humans - animals
It is the proportion of males to females within population.
Gender ratio
It will greatly affect the population.
mating system (monogamous vs. polygamous)
This will affect population dynamics. This is because of age-specific mortality and pregnancy rates.
Age structure
Age structure will affect population dynamics. This is because of ___________ and ______________
- age-specific mortality
- pregnancy rates
It is defined as the movement of animal from the location of its birth to a new area where it lives and reproduces
Dispersal
Which gender are usuallly to disperse?
males
Dispersal usually does not occur until the animal is an ________.
adult
__________ usually does not occur until the animal is an adult
dispersal
It is important to environmental engineers because it is the basis for the determination of design capacity for municipal and wastewater treatment systems and for water reservoirs.
Predicting the dynamics of human population
These are important in the development of resources and pollutant management plans.
Population predictions
Human population dynamics also depend on this five factors
- birth
- death
- gender ratio
- age structure
- dispersal
In human populations, dispersal is referred to as an _______ and ___________.
- immigration
- emigration
In human populations, _________ is referred to as an immigration and emigration.
dispersal
What are the four phase of bacterial growth?
- Lag
- Exponential
- Stationary
- Death
In this phase, cells are metabolically active but not dividing.
Lag
In this phase, the cell grows exponentially.
Exponential
It is where a single cell splits into two equal cells after generation period.
Binary Fission
In this phase, the growth stays or become constant.
Stationary
In this phase, the growth reaches a certain plateau or flat point.
Stationary
In this phase, there is a exponential decrease in the number of living cell.
Death
What are the three types of dispersal?
- Uniform Dispersion
- Random Dispersion
- Clumped Dispersion
It is the number of individuals an area can support.
Carrying capacity
It is the act of entering a foreign country, often for permanent residency.
Immigration
It is the entering of a foreign country.
Immigration
It is the movement into different country.
Immigration
It is the act of leaving one’s country to settle permanently in another country.
Emigration
It is leaving the country.
Emigration
It is the movement out of the present country.
Emigration
Factors that depend on population size.
Density Dependent Limiting Factors
Give examples of density dependent limiting factors.
- competition
- predation
- food
- disease
- parasitism
Competition, predation, food, disease, and parasitism are examples of what?
Density Dependent Limiting Factors
Affect all population in a similar way of independent of population size.
Density Independent Limiting Factors
Give examples of density independent limiting factors.
- draught
- wildfire
- volcanic eruption
- hurricane
- deforestation
Draught, wildfire, volcanic eruption, hurricane, and deforestation are examples of what?
Density independent limiting factors
