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ENVISCI > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

It provides the understanding of underlying environmental issues.

A

Ecology

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3
Q

It emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among various biotic and abiotic components.

A

Ecology

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4
Q

Ecology emphasizes ___________ and ___________among various biotic and abiotic components.

A
  1. energy flow
  2. chemical cycling
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5
Q

It is the interaction between biotic or living organisms and abiotic organisms or non-living organisms.

A

Environment

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6
Q

It means living organisms.

A

biotic

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7
Q

It means non-living organisms.

A

Abiotic

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8
Q

These are humans, animals, and plants.

A

biotic

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9
Q

These are the earth, sun, wind, and water.

A

abiotic

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10
Q

The abiotic factors in the environment can be classified as:

A
  1. Physical
  2. Chemical
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11
Q

Examples of this are energy, light, temperature, and physical habitat.

A

Physical

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12
Q

Examples of this are gases and nutrients.

A

Chemical

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13
Q

What are the life’s different level of organization?

A
  1. Organisms
  2. Species
  3. Population
  4. Community
  5. Ecosystem
  6. Biome
  7. Biosphere
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14
Q

These are group organisms resembling one another in appearance, behavior, and genetic make-up.

A

Species

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15
Q

These are group of individuals belonging to the same species.

A

Population

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16
Q

These are populations of different species interacting in a given area.

A

Community

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17
Q

These are communities and their physical environment considered together.

A

Ecosystem

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18
Q

This is a geographic area that has a particular climate and is home to a particular group of plants and animals that have adapted to that specific moment.

A

Biome

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19
Q

This is the global ecosystem, the sum of all earth’s ecosystems.

A

Biosphere

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20
Q

It comprises of a thin layer of the earth’s surface where life can exist.

A

Biosphere

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21
Q

What are the life’s different level of organization? (Starting from atoms)

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Cell
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ Systems
  7. Multicellular Organisms
  8. Organisms
  9. Population
  10. Community
  11. Ecosystem
  12. Bioes
  13. Biosphere
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22
Q

If an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the environment, in the absence of scientific consesus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmfull falls on those taking the action.

A

Precautionary Principle

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23
Q

According to the precautionary principle, humans need to be concerned with __________________.

A

how our actions affect the environment.

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24
Q

He is a leader among a generation of scientists-activist.

A

Barry Commoner

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25
Q

He is the greatest environmentalist of the 20th century.

A

Barry Commoner

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26
Q

Who said “no permanent environmental solutions is possible”?

A

Barry Commoner

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27
Q

He was best known for his Four Laws of Ecology.

A

Barry Commoner

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28
Q

What is outlined in the first chapter of “The Closing Circle”

A
  1. Everything is connected to everything else.
  2. Everything must go somewhere
  3. Nature knows best
  4. There is no such thing as free lunch.
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29
Q

What are the fields of ecology?

A
  1. Organismal Ecology
  2. Population Ecology
  3. Community Ecology
  4. Ecosystem Ecology
  5. Landscape Ecology
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30
Q

It studies how an organism’s morphology, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by the environment.

A

Organismal Ecology

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31
Q

It studies the factors that affect how many individuals of a particular species can live in an area.

A

Population Ecology

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32
Q

It deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community.

A

Community Ecology

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33
Q

It emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components. (fields of ecology)

A

Ecosystem Ecology

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34
Q

It deals with arrays of ecosystems and how they are arranged in a geographic region.

A

Landscape Ecology

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35
Q

It is the prevailing weather conditions in a particular area.

A

Climate

36
Q

What is climate made of?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Water
  3. Sunlight
  4. Wind
37
Q

What are the factors that determine the global climatic patterns?

A
  1. Amount of Sunlight received
  2. Movement of Earth in space
  3. Air Circulation
  4. Wind Patterns
  5. Local Geographic Features
  6. Seasonality
38
Q

Where is sunlight directly overhead?

A

Equator

39
Q

Which place receives low angle of incoming sunlight?

A

North Pole (60 degrees N) and South Pole (60 degrees S)

40
Q

When does the longest day or night happen in Earth?

A

During solstice

41
Q

What months do solstice usually happens?

A

June and December

42
Q

It is a month where there is equal time for day and night.

A

equinox

43
Q

What months do equinox usually happens?

A

March and September

44
Q

Climate of adjacent terrestrial environments is moderated by ____________.

A

large bodies of water

45
Q

These affects the local temperature, rainfall and the amount of sunlight reaching an area.

A

Mountains

46
Q

It is a narrow vertical zone of rapid temperature change.

A

Thermodine

47
Q

They, in their physical and chemical environment, make up an ecosystem.

A
  1. plants
  2. animals
48
Q

It is the study of ecosystems.

A

Ecology

49
Q

Ecosystems exhibit a flow of both ____________ and _________.

A

energy and nutrients

50
Q

What is the original energy source of nearly all ecosystems?

A

sun

51
Q

What is the source of energy of the oceanic hydrothermal vent communities?

A

Energy from geothermal activity

52
Q

It is the ecosystem’s ability to return to its original rate of change following a disturbance.

A

Ecosystem stability

53
Q

It is the amount of perturbation that an ecosystem can absorb.

A

Resistance

54
Q

What type of communities tend to be fairly resistant to pertubation?

A

Communities dominated by large, long-lived plants

55
Q

It is partially based on which species are most sensitive to the particular disturbance.

A

Ecosystem resistance

56
Q

True or False. Small changes in the populations of “top of the food chain”, predators, or critical plant types can’t have a substantial impact on the structure of the ecosystem.

A

False

57
Q

It is an ongoing attempt to preserve the critical habitat for species that depend on old growth, such as the spotted owl and the arbled murmlet.

A

to limit the logging of old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest

58
Q

It is the rate at which the ecosystem recovers from pertubation.

A

Resilience

59
Q

These are usually over populated with species that have rapid colonization and growth rates.

A

Resilient ecosystems

60
Q

They grow very quickly after the storm flow abates, so the intervertebrates do not starve.

A

Algae

61
Q

These are marine ecosystems that are extremely fragile, not resilient and not resistant to environmental disturbances.

A

deep oceanic ecosystems

62
Q

In addition, to the direct effects of toxic materials like metals, pesticides, and synthetic organic compounds, one of the most serious effects of pollutants on inland waters is _________________.

A

depletion of dissolved oxygen

63
Q

All higher forms of aquatic life exist only in the presence of_______ and most desirable microbiologic life also requires it.

A

oxygen

64
Q

If the water becomes like this, the entire ecology changes and the water becomes unpleasant and safe.

A

anaerobic

65
Q

The dissolved oxygen concentration in waterways and the effect of pollutants are closely related to the concept of decomposition and biodegradation, part of the ___________________ that sustains life.

A

total energy transfer system

66
Q

These refers to a living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, and maintain homeostasis.

A

Organisms

67
Q

It is any theory that aims to classify species.

A

Species concept

68
Q

Enumerate the four species concept.

A
  1. Biological Species Concept
  2. Morphological Species Concept
  3. Ecological Species Concept
  4. Phylogenetic Species Concept
69
Q

A species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring.

A

Biological Species Concept

70
Q

This definition of species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria.

A

Morphological Species Concept

71
Q

This definition of species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the non-living and living parts of their environment.

A

Ecological Species Concept

72
Q

This definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor.

A

Phylogenetic Species Concept

73
Q

What are the two types of aquatic ecosystems?

A
  1. Marine Ecosystems
  2. Freshwater Ecosystems
74
Q

This particular ecosystem is the largest aquatic ecosystem and covers over 70% of the earth’s total surface.

A

Marine Ecosystems

75
Q

This ecosystem is relatively more concentrated in terms of salinity.

A

Marine Ecosystems

76
Q

The body of aquatic organisms is well-adjusted to saline water, and they may find it challenging to survive in freshwater.

A

Marine Ecosystems

77
Q

Ecosystems inside Marine Ecosystems

A
  1. Ocean Ecosystem
  2. Estuaries
  3. Coral Reefs
  4. Coastal Ecosystem
78
Q

It is the meeting point of a sea and rivers.

A

Estuaries

79
Q

It is made up of corals that form reefs.

A

Coral Reefs

80
Q

It is formed when land and water meet.

A

Coastal Ecosystem

81
Q

This covers less than 1% of the earth’s surface and is broadly divided into – wetlands, lentic and lotic ecosystems.

A

Freshwater ecosystems

82
Q

Ecosystems inside the Freshwater Ecosystems

A
  1. Swamps and Wetlands
  2. Lentic Ecosystems
  3. Lotic Ecosystems
83
Q

These are marshy areas that are often covered in water and harbor a variety of flora and fauna

A

Swamps and Wetlands

84
Q

It includes ponds and lakes and is a home to both floating and rooted plants, algae, and invertebrates

A

Lentic Ecosystems

85
Q

These are characterized by rapid flowing water moving in one direction. Examples include rivers, streams, brooks and springs.

A

Lotic Ecosystems

ENVISCI (7 decks)

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