Lesson 3: Types of Tissue Flashcards
Tissue that covers the exterior surfaces of the body, acts as a lining of internal cavities and passageways, and also forms certain glands
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that binds the cells and the organs together and protects, supports, and integrates all parts of the body
Connective Tissue
Tissue that responds to stimulation and aids movement
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that allows the transmission of electrochemical signals or nerve impulses that help different parts of the body to communicate with each other
Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissues
Highly cellular, with little to no extracellular material, adjoining cells form a cell junction between cell membranes, avascular, diffusion or absorption for nutrients, rapidly replacing damaged or dead cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium Location
Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Simple Squamous Epithelium Function
Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substance
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location
In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function
Secretes and absorbs
Simple Columnar Epithelium Location
Ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus; smooth (nonciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract, bladder
Simple Columnar Epithelium Function
Absorbs; it also secretes mucous and enzymes
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium Location
Ciliated tissue lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract
Psuedo-stratified Columnar Epithelium Function
Secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucus
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location
Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function
Protects against abrasion
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Location
Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Function
Protective tissue
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Location
The male urethra and the ducts of some glands
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Function
Secretes and protects
Transitional Epithelium Location
Lines the bladder, urethra, and ureters
Transitional Epithelium Function
Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
A type of connective tissue that supports other tissues and organs of the body
Connective tissue proper
Connective tissue in which fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between
Loose connective tissue
Connective tissue that is reinforced by bundles of fibers providing tensile strength, elasticity, and protection
Dense connective tissue
Provides structure and strength to the body and protects soft tissues (bones and cartilages)
Supportive connective tissue
Specialized cells circulating as a watery fluid (blood and lymph)
Fluid connective tissue
Most abundant cell in connective tissue proper. Secrete polysaccharides and proteins and combine with extracellular fluids to produce a viscous ground substance –> mixed with fibrous proteins forms the ECM
Fibroblast
Second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. A less active form of fibroblast
Fibrocyte
Special cells in the adipose tissue that store lipids as droplets
Adipocytes
A type of fiber that is secreted by fibroblasts, which hold connective tissues together
Collagen fiber
Type of fiber secreted by fibroblasts, returns to its original shape after being stretched or compressed
Elastic fiber
Type of fiber secreted by fibroblasts, most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs
Reticular fiber
A tissue that consists mostly of fat cells
Adipose tissue
Cartilage cells that are embedded within the cartilage matrix
Chondrocytes
Space occupied by the chondrocytes
Lacunae
Most common type of cartilage, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers
Hyaline Cartilage
Tough cartilage with thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix
Fibrocartilage
Contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans
Elastic cartilage
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Histology
Long cylindrical fiber, striated, many peripherally located nuclei
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Function
Voluntary movement that produces heat, protects organs
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Location
Attached to bones and around entrance points to the body (e.g., mouth, anus
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Histology
Short, branched, striated, single central nucleus
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Function
Contracts to pump blood
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Location
Heart
Smooth Muscle Tissue Histology
Short, spindle-shaped, no evident striation, single nucleus in each fiber
Smooth Muscle Tissue Function
Involuntary movement, moves food, involuntary control of respiration, moves secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction
Smooth Muscle Tissue Location
Walls of major organs and passageways
A type of nerve cell that conveys messages or signals between the different areas of the brain and between the brain and the other parts of the nervous system
Neuron
A type of cell of nervous tissue, and modulating supporting neurons in their information propagation
Neuroglia
Part of a neuron that includes most of the cytoplasm, the organelles, and the nucleus
Cell body
Part of neurons that branch off the cell body and appear as thin extensions
Dendrites
Tail-like structure that extends from the neuron body
Axon
iInsulating layer or neurons formed by accessory cells
Myelin
Stimuli that propagate from the neuron down the axon
Action potential
The gap between nerve cells or between a nerve cell and its target cell
Synapse
Abundant neural cells in the central nervous system, having multiple functions (ex. regulation of ion concentration, uptake or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, formation of the blood-brain barrier)
Astrocyte
Are related to macrophages and protect the nervous system against infection
Microglia
Neural cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Oligodendrocyte
Neural cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
