Lesson 1: Organization and Structure of the Body

Question 1

Levels of Organization (smallest to largest)

Answer 1

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

Question 2

The human body is made up of _____?

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up _____% of the body’s mass.

Answer 3

96

Question 4

Atoms combine to form what?

Answer 4

Molecules, ex. Water, Glucose, DNA

Question 5

What makes up a cell’s structure and function?

Answer 5

The sum of the chemical reactions

Question 6

The reactions are confined to specific regions called _____

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

What are the four basic types of tissues?

Answer 7

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

Question 8

A group of cells form what?

Answer 8

Tissues

Question 9

An organ is a structure composed of two ore more different types of _____

Answer 9

Tissue

Question 10

Related organs working for a common function constitute a ______

Answer 10

System

Question 11

How many systems are there in the human body? What are they?

Answer 11

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, lymphatic, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and urinary

Question 12

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 12

Skin and associated skin components, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails

Question 13

What is the function of the Integumentary system?

Answer 13

Protects the body from the external environment, excretes metabolic wast, help make Vitamin D, and detects pain, touch, dehydration, and changes in temperature

Question 14

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Answer 14

Bones and cartilage associated with joints

Question 15

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 15

Protects the body, provides support and a framework for muscles, contains bone marrow for blood cells to develop in, and stores minerals like Calcium

Question 16

What does the muscular system consist of?

Answer 16

Primarily skeletal muscles, but also cardiac (in the heart) and smooth (within the viscera and alimentary canal and blood vessels’ walls)

Question 17

What is the function of the muscular system?

Answer 17

Enables the body to move by opposing muscular contraction and relaxation, maintain posture, and thermoregulation

Question 18

What does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 18

The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (e.g. eyes, ears, and taste buds)

CNS and PNS

Question 19

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 19

1. Detecting changes in the internal and external environment, encode them into electrical impulses, and transmit them along the nerves
2. Process electrical impulses and making decisions, either consciously or unconsciously
3. Activate muscles or glands to induce a response to stimulus

Question 20

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 20

Endocrine organs (pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroid, and adrenal glands) and endocrine tissues (found within the hypothalamus, pancreas, thymus, gonads, heart, stomach, and small intestine)

Question 21

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 21

Hormones alter the metabolism. Hormones can affect only one type of cell, or very general affecting many cells

Question 22

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 22

Blood, heart, and blood vessels

Question 23

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 23

Pumps bloody through blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove metabolic waste from cells, regular water content, acid-base balance, and temp of body

Question 24

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

Answer 24

Lymphatic fluid (lymph), lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, lymph nodules, and thymus

Question 25

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Responsible for transporting various substances, takes lipids from the GI tract to the blood and transports excess proteins and fluids back to the bloodstream. Development of lymphocytes (responsible for fighting disease

Question 26

What does the respiratory system consist of?

Answer 26

Air passageways: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

Question 27

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 27

O2 and CO2 gas exchange with blood, and regulation of the acid-base balance and sound production

Question 28

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 28

Digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine), as well as assist digestion organs (the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)

Question 29

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 29

Responsible for the breakdown of ingested food, physically and chemically, so nutrients can be absorbed, absorption of water, removal of undigested food, maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Question 30

What does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 30

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Question 31

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 31

Filters blood to extract metabolic waste, maintain acid-base and mineral balance, regulate the production of red blood cells (monitors blood volume)

Question 32

What does the female reproductive system consist of?

Answer 32

Gonads (ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia, and mammary glands

Question 33

Function of female reproductive system

Answer 33

Female gonads produce oocytes, release hormones that regulate reproduction and development, responsible for fetal development, childbirth, and nourishment of the fetus and child

Question 34

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

Answer 34

Gonads (testes), epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis, and scrotum

Question 35

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

Answer 35

Male gonads produce sperm, release hormones the regulate reproduction and development.