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BIO107 - Cell and Molecular Biology > Lesson 3 - Properties of Genetic Material > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Properties of Genetic Material Flashcards

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1
Q

genetic material should be FAIRS

A

F - flexible / respond to external signals
A - altered / generate genetic diversity
I - information
R - replicated and transmitted accurately
S - stable (very)

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2
Q

genetic material should be flexible or …?

A

respond to external signals

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3
Q

genetic material should be altered or …?

A

generate genetic information

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4
Q

two sections of the chromosome

A
  1. p arm
  2. q arm
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5
Q

p in p arm meaning

A

petit

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6
Q

short arm of the chromosome

A

p arm

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7
Q

long arm of the chromosome

A

q arm

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8
Q
  • appears as a constricted region of a chromosome
  • plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division
  • the region where the cell’s spindle fibers attach.
A

centromere

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9
Q
  • region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome
  • protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled
  • Each time a cell divides, they become slightly shorter
A

telomere

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10
Q

composed of DNA and associated proteins

A

chromatin

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11
Q

two types of proteins in chromatin

A
  1. histone
  2. non-histone chromosomal proteins
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12
Q

small, well-defined, basic proteins

A

histone

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13
Q

include diverse structural, enzymatic and regulatory proteins

A

non-histone chromosomal proteins

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14
Q

example of non-histone chromosomal proteins

A
  • transcription factors
  • replisomes
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15
Q

two types of chromatin

A
  1. heterochromatin
  2. euchromatin
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16
Q

typically highly condensed, gene-poor, and transcriptionally silent

A

Heterochromatin

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17
Q

less condensed, gene-rich, and more accessible to transcription.

A

euchromatin

18
Q

epigenetic mark

A

methyl

19
Q
  • flexible regions that flank both ends of the histone fold
  • responsible for the formation of stable H2A–H2B and H3–H4 dimers, and the histone octamer is composed of two H2A–H2B dimers and two H3–H4 dimers
A

Histone tails

20
Q

repeating units of chromatin composed of DNA and histones

A

nucleosome

21
Q

Classes of histones

A
  • H1
  • H2A
  • H2B
  • H3
  • H4
22
Q

other term of H1

A

linker histone

23
Q
  • bind to linker DNA and are involved in the higher-order condensation of the chromatin
  • control the accessibility of linker DNA between two neighbor nucleosomes to DNA-binding proteins and regulate chromatin folding
A

Linker H1 histones

24
Q

complex together and act as a spool which the DNA wraps around

A

H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

25
Q

octamer

A

2 copies of each histone (H2A, H2B, H3, H4)

26
Q

Why is DNA of histone highly conserved

A

if there are changes, it leads to cell death

27
Q

around 147 bp supercoiled DNA wrapped twice around a __

A

histone

28
Q

how many base pairs of DNA are supercoiled in the histone

A

147 bp

29
Q

histone H1 are referred to as __ __

A

linker DNA

30
Q

histone H1 associates with

A

linker DNA

31
Q

how many bp are there in linker DNA

A

38-53 base pairs

32
Q

purpose of linker DNA

A

connects one nucleosome to the next

33
Q

histone H1 runs down the center of the coil acting as __

A

stabilizer

34
Q

nucleosomes are also described as

A

“beads on a string”

35
Q

thickness of chromatin

A

30nm

36
Q

two models of chromatin arrangement

A
  1. solenoid model
  2. zig-zag model
37
Q
  • characterized by interactions between consecutive nucleosomes
  • helical loop
A

solenoid model

38
Q

implies interactions between alternate nucleosomes

A

zigzag model

39
Q

represents the basic structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin associated with DNA replication, gene expression and higher order packaging

A

loop domain

40
Q

Summary: Levels of Chromatin Packing

A
  1. DNA double helix
  2. DNA wrapped around histone
  3. nucleosomes coiled into a chromatin fiber
  4. further condensation of chromatin
  5. duplicated chromosome

BIO107 - Cell and Molecular Biology (8 decks)

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