Lesson 3: Muscle Physiology Flashcards
The Muscular system is comprised of three types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
A muscle fiber is either in a state of producing maximum tension or not producing any tension at all; this is known as the “____ ____ _____” principle.
All or nothing
Cylindrical structures containing the myofilaments actin and myosin.
Myofibrils
Thin myofilaments
Actin
Thick myofilaments
Myosin
Wave-like changes in the electrical properties of a cell membrane.
Action potential
Striated muscle used the facilitate movement.
Skeletal muscle
Acts as a storage site for calcium
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
_________ firing - employed during high-output demands involving fast twitch fibers and warranting significant fiber recruitment.
Synchronized
_________ firing - employed during endurance activities involving slow twitch fibers which conserve motor unit potential, allowing prolonged work
Asynchronized
The ability to increase force production within a muscle through training is dependant on adaptions that occur to both: _______ and ________
Muscle Fibers (size) The Nervous System
List 3 ways in which the nervous systems allows for improvements in force production within muscle.
Increased Firing Rate
increased Recruitment
Increased Synchronicity
_______ contractions - involve lengthening or shortening of a working muscle.
Isotonic
_______ contraction - Muscle lengthens; negative work is produced; movement is decelerated
Eccentric
_______ contraction - Muscle shortens; positive work is produced; movement is accelerated.
Concentric
_______ contractions - Mostly used for stability, represents tensions in the muscle that helps maintain a stable position
Isometric
Oxygen- transporting protein of muscle.
Myogoblin
Muscle found exclusively within the heart.
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle found within the “walls” of hollow organs.
Smooth Muscle
Period of time between repeated actions in an exercise; energy system specific and based on physical condition.
Rest Interval or Rest Period
Period of time between exercise bouts.
Recovery Period
Low force-producing fibers, or slow oxidative fibers.
Type 1
Intermediate force-producing fibers, or fast oxidative/glycolytic fibers.
Type 2a
High force-producing fibers, or fast glycolytic fibers.
Type 2b
Postural muscles maintain a higher concentration of ____- twitch fibers.
Slow
Some motor units in a muscle are always active even when the muscle is not contracting.
Muscle tone
Intrafusal fibers that lie parallel to normal muscle fibers which relay information to sensory neurons regarding changes in tissue length.
Muscle Spindles
Note: When Rapidly Stretched , they respond with a stretch reflex to initiate a contraction that limits an overstretch and potential damage to the muscle.
Sensory receptors found within muscle tendons that communicate information to motor neurons regarding the presence of excessive tension that may cause damage.
Golgi tendon organs
Muscle fibers can become better suited to a specific training stimulus due to the following 3 adaptions.
Neural Stimulation
Capillary and Mitochondrial density
Enzyme concentration
