Lesson 2: Biomechanics Flashcards
Forces are classified as either _______ or ________.
Internal, External
______ forces act within the object or system.
Internal
______ forces act on an object through some interaction
External
A muscle whose torque prevents movement at a joint.
Stabilizer
The muscle that causes action.
Prime mover
A single-sided or unbalanced load or weight distribution.
Asymetrical Load
A stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces.
Balance
Sum of all external forces acting on the body equal zero: determines the ability the balance.
Static equilibrium
Capacity to do work.
Energy
Transfer or energy by a force acting to displace the body.
Work
Work can either be ______ or _______.
Positive or Negative
If weight is pressed overhead, the action is ______ work: when the weight is lowered back down, the action is considered______.
Positive , Negative
Mechanical energy has 2 forms:
_______ energy - Energy possessed by the body due to its motion.
_______ energy - Suggests no movement; implies energy due to position, such as a stretched rubber band or muscle.
Kinetic
Potential
The _____ - _____ _______ uses kinetic energy transferred into potential energy and back into kinetic energy for increased force output.
Stretch - Shortening Cycle (SSC)
Time of rate of doing work (work/time)
Power
The turning affect created by a force about an axis
Torque
The distance between the fulcrum and the resistance point.
Resistance arm
The more torque experienced during exercise, the greater the ______ of the movement, even when the weight remains _______.
Difficulty, Constant.
Point where the mass of an object is equally balanced.
Center of Gravity (COG)
A group of body Segments that are connected by joints and operate together to provide a wide range of motion for a limb.
Kinetic chain
Stability is achieved with the following variables : \_\_\_\_\_\_ of the object. \_\_\_\_\_\_ of the COG. Line of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pull. \_\_\_\_\_\_ of Support.
Mass
Height
Gravitational
Base
________ momentum is commonly employed during exercise when excessive resistance is used. Most often generated from _____ extensions or flexion to increase total force output.
Angular, Hip
Role of muscle who torque opposes a performed action.
Antangonist
Role of muscle whose torque aids a performed action; referred to as the prime mover.
Agonist
_______ balance - the force production relationship between an agonist and antagonist muscle or group of muscles acting on a joint.
Strength
Power output is dependant on which two factors?
- Quantity of power
- Time it is sustained
