Lesson 1: Functional Anatomy Flashcards
______ ______ is a type of fibrous connective tissue: that separates individual muscles and muscles groups.
Muscle Fascia
________ are made up of long, cylinder-like fibers (muscle cells).
Myofibrils
_________ are proteins within myofibrils that set the actions of muscle into motion.
Myofilaments
Thick myofilaments are known as ________ ; thin filaments are known as ________.
Myosin, actin
The intersection of two bones (articulation).
Joint
Tough Fibrous bands of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints.
Ligament
Tough Fibrous band of connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Tendon
Terms for extremely flexible joints.
Hyper-mobility (joint laxity)
_______ joints consist of two bones that are united by fibrous tissues and exhibit little or no movement.
Fibrous
_______ joints unites two or bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Cartilaginous
_______ joints contain synovial fluid and allow for considerable movements between articulating bones.
Synovial
Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column.
Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacral Bone Coccygeal bone
The cervical and lumbar regions have a ________ curvature.
Lordotic
The thoracic and sacral spine have ________ curvature..
Kyphotic
Spinal positions that retrains the three natural curves.
Neutral Spine
______ ______ serve as a cushion between vertebrae of the spinal column.
Intervertebral discs
Name 3 anatomical positions of the pelvis.
Neutral Pelvic Position
Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
A _______ pelvic tilt increases the convexity (lordosis) of the lumbar spine.
Anterior
A _______ pelvic tilt reduces the convexity, flattening the lumbar spine.
Posterior
Name the 4 muscles of the Rotator Cuff.
Supraspinatus (Posterior)
Infraspinatus (Posterior)
Teres Minor (Posterior)
Subscapularis (Anterior)
______ Plane dissects the body down the center into side-by-side halves.
Sagittal
Provide an example exercise of the Sagittal Plane.
Forward Lunge
______ Plane dissects the body into front and back halves.
Frontal
Provide an example exercise of the Frontal Plane
Cable lat pull-down
______ Plane dissects the body into superior and inferior components. (Top/Bottom)
Cable trunk rotation
A reference posture used in description in which the subject stands erect with feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, with palms facing forward.
Anatomical Position
The median plane of the body.
Midline
Crease of the axilla (underarm).
Anterior Axillary Line
A perpendicular line drawn downward from the apex of the axilla .
Midaxillary Line
Placed before or in front.
Anterior
Located Behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.
Posterior
Situated nearest to point of attachment or origin.
Proximal
Situated farthest from the point of attachment or origin, as a limb or bone.
Distal
At, in, near or being the center, dividing a person into right or left halves.
Medial
Situated or extending away from the medial plane of the body.
Lateral
On, or relating to, the same side of the body.
Ipsilateral
Name the components of the Axial skeleton.
Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Rib cage
Name the components of the Appendicular skeleton.
Limbs and their respective girdles
Name the 4 bone classifications and give examples of each.
Long - Arms/Legs
Short - Hands/ Feet
Irregular - Vertebrae
Flat - Scapular
On, or relating to, the same side of the body.
Contralateral
Shallow proximity in relation to the surface.
Superficial
Extending inward in relation to a surface layer.
Deep
To bend; in hinge joints, the articulating bones move closer together; in ball and socket joints, the limbs moves anterior to the midaxillary line.
Flexion
To straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other; in ball and socket joints, the limbs move posterior to the midaxillary line.
Extension
Spinal movement to the left or the right occurs at the neck and trunk.
Lateral Flexion
Movement of a structure toward the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line.
Protraction
Movement back to the anatomical position or additionally, posterior to functional range of motion.
Retraction
Movement of the ball of the foot towards the shin.
Dorsi Flexion
Movement of the ball of the foot away from the shin (towards the ground in anatomical position.
Plantar Flexion
Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and the ulna uncross. The palms face posterior.
Pronation (Prone means lying face up)
Unique rotation of the forearm which uncrosses the radius and the ulna. The palms faces anteriorly.
Supination (Supine means lying face down)
Confined to the ankle: consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.
Inversion
Confined to the ankle: consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally.
Eversion
Movement away from the midline.
Abduction
Movement toward the midline.
Adduction
Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane.
Ulnar deviation
Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move laterally toward the thumb in the frontal plane.
Radial deviation
Action at the shoulder and the hip joint where the articulating bone in rotated away from the body from anatomical position.
External Rotation
Action at the shoulder and the hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from anatomical position.
Internal Rotation
Superior movement of the bone.
Elevation
Inferior movement of the bone.
Depression
Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane.
Horizontal abduction
Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane.
Horizontal adduction
The turning of a structure around its long axis.
Rotation
