Lesson 1: Functional Anatomy

Question 1

______ ______ is a type of fibrous connective tissue: that separates individual muscles and muscles groups.

Answer 1

Muscle Fascia

Question 2

________ are made up of long, cylinder-like fibers (muscle cells).

Answer 2

Myofibrils

Question 3

_________ are proteins within myofibrils that set the actions of muscle into motion.

Answer 3

Myofilaments

Question 4

Thick myofilaments are known as ________ ; thin filaments are known as ________.

Answer 4

Myosin, actin

Question 5

The intersection of two bones (articulation).

Answer 5

Joint

Question 6

Tough Fibrous bands of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints.

Answer 6

Ligament

Question 7

Tough Fibrous band of connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

Answer 7

Tendon

Question 8

Terms for extremely flexible joints.

Answer 8

Hyper-mobility (joint laxity)

Question 9

_______ joints consist of two bones that are united by fibrous tissues and exhibit little or no movement.

Answer 9

Fibrous

Question 10

_______ joints unites two or bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Answer 10

Cartilaginous

Question 11

_______ joints contain synovial fluid and allow for considerable movements between articulating bones.

Answer 11

Synovial

Question 12

Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column.

Answer 12

Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral Bone
Coccygeal bone

Question 13

The cervical and lumbar regions have a ________ curvature.

Answer 13

Lordotic

Question 14

The thoracic and sacral spine have ________ curvature..

Answer 14

Kyphotic

Question 15

Spinal positions that retrains the three natural curves.

Answer 15

Neutral Spine

Question 16

______ ______ serve as a cushion between vertebrae of the spinal column.

Answer 16

Intervertebral discs

Question 17

Name 3 anatomical positions of the pelvis.

Answer 17

Neutral Pelvic Position
Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Question 18

A _______ pelvic tilt increases the convexity (lordosis) of the lumbar spine.

Answer 18

Anterior

Question 19

A _______ pelvic tilt reduces the convexity, flattening the lumbar spine.

Answer 19

Posterior

Question 20

Name the 4 muscles of the Rotator Cuff.

Answer 20

Supraspinatus (Posterior)
Infraspinatus (Posterior)
Teres Minor (Posterior)
Subscapularis (Anterior)

Question 21

______ Plane dissects the body down the center into side-by-side halves.

Answer 21

Sagittal

Question 22

Provide an example exercise of the Sagittal Plane.

Answer 22

Forward Lunge

Question 23

______ Plane dissects the body into front and back halves.

Answer 23

Frontal

Question 24

Provide an example exercise of the Frontal Plane

Answer 24

Cable lat pull-down

Question 25

______ Plane dissects the body into superior and inferior components. (Top/Bottom)

Answer 25

Cable trunk rotation

Question 26

A reference posture used in description in which the subject stands erect with feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, with palms facing forward.

Answer 26

Anatomical Position

Question 27

The median plane of the body.

Answer 27

Midline

Question 28

Crease of the axilla (underarm).

Answer 28

Anterior Axillary Line

Question 29

A perpendicular line drawn downward from the apex of the axilla .

Answer 29

Midaxillary Line

Question 30

Placed before or in front.

Answer 30

Anterior

Question 31

Located Behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.

Answer 31

Posterior

Question 32

Situated nearest to point of attachment or origin.

Answer 32

Proximal

Question 33

Situated farthest from the point of attachment or origin, as a limb or bone.

Answer 33

Distal

Question 34

At, in, near or being the center, dividing a person into right or left halves.

Answer 34

Medial

Question 35

Situated or extending away from the medial plane of the body.

Answer 35

Lateral

Question 36

On, or relating to, the same side of the body.

Answer 36

Ipsilateral

Question 37

Name the components of the Axial skeleton.

Answer 37

Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Rib cage

Question 38

Name the components of the Appendicular skeleton.

Answer 38

Limbs and their respective girdles

Question 39

Name the 4 bone classifications and give examples of each.

Answer 39

Long - Arms/Legs Short - Hands/ Feet Irregular - Vertebrae Flat - Scapular

Question 40

On, or relating to, the same side of the body.

Answer 40

Contralateral

Question 41

Shallow proximity in relation to the surface.

Answer 41

Superficial

Question 42

Extending inward in relation to a surface layer.

Answer 42

Deep

Question 43

To bend; in hinge joints, the articulating bones move closer together; in ball and socket joints, the limbs moves anterior to the midaxillary line.

Answer 43

Flexion

Question 44

To straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other; in ball and socket joints, the limbs move posterior to the midaxillary line.

Answer 44

Extension

Question 45

Spinal movement to the left or the right occurs at the neck and trunk.

Answer 45

Lateral Flexion

Question 46

Movement of a structure toward the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line.

Answer 46

Protraction

Question 47

Movement back to the anatomical position or additionally, posterior to functional range of motion.

Answer 47

Retraction

Question 48

Movement of the ball of the foot towards the shin.

Answer 48

Dorsi Flexion

Question 49

Movement of the ball of the foot away from the shin (towards the ground in anatomical position.

Answer 49

Plantar Flexion

Question 50

Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and the ulna uncross. The palms face posterior.

Answer 50

Pronation (Prone means lying face up)

Question 51

Unique rotation of the forearm which uncrosses the radius and the ulna. The palms faces anteriorly.

Answer 51

Supination (Supine means lying face down)

Question 52

Confined to the ankle: consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.

Answer 52

Inversion

Question 53

Confined to the ankle: consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally.

Answer 53

Eversion

Question 54

Movement away from the midline.

Answer 54

Abduction

Question 55

Movement toward the midline.

Answer 55

Adduction

Question 56

Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane.

Answer 56

Ulnar deviation

Question 57

Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move laterally toward the thumb in the frontal plane.

Answer 57

Radial deviation

Question 58

Action at the shoulder and the hip joint where the articulating bone in rotated away from the body from anatomical position.

Answer 58

External Rotation

Question 59

Action at the shoulder and the hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from anatomical position.

Answer 59

Internal Rotation

Question 60

Superior movement of the bone.

Answer 60

Elevation

Question 61

Inferior movement of the bone.

Answer 61

Depression

Question 62

Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane.

Answer 62

Horizontal abduction

Question 63

Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane.

Answer 63

Horizontal adduction

Question 64

The turning of a structure around its long axis.

Answer 64

Rotation