lesson 3 - digestive disorders Flashcards
SCENARIO:
You have a patient who complains about pain in the upper abdomen between the belly button and the breastbone. They tell you they feel very full after eating a meal to the point it’s uncomfortable, and explain that they’ve been bloating.
They tell you they’ve been consuming lots of alcohol and using one(or more) of the following drugs recently: melatonin, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. You ask if they smoke and they say they do that, as well as occasionally chew tobacco. They also add that they’ve been under a lot of stress due to their recent X-Ray.
What do they have?
(Your patient has peptic ulcers!)
SCENARIO:
Your patient complains about rectal bleeding and cramping in their abdomen. They explain they’ve been having diarrhea for a while as well. You ask about what they’ve been doing recently but everything seems normal. You ask if anyone in their family has had something similar and they say yes.
Possibility 1:
The pain is felt through the entire abdomen.
Possibility 2:
The pain is localised to the left area of the abdomen; lining of the colon and the rectum
What does your patient have?
(Possibility 1: Your patient has Crohn’s disease!)
(Possibility 2: Your patient has Ulcerative Colitis!)
^ Both are inflammatory bowel diseases.
SCENARIO:
Your patient complains about difficult, dry, and small bowel movements. They hold their abdomen and explain they’ve had both abdominal pain and bloating for a while now.
You ask if they do exercise but they explain they don’t really get the time to. You ask what they’ve been eating and they tell you they haven’t had any fruits or vegetables lately, which caused a lack of fibre in their diet.
(Your patient has constipation!)
What is hepatitis and what is it caused by?
An inflammation of liver caused by a virus
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Spread by ingestion of contaminated food or water
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Spread by sexual contact, and can be vaccinated for protection
How is hepatitis C transmitted?
Spread by blood contact from unsafe injection practises or healthcare
What is cirrhosis
A chronic condition where the liver gets scarred and permanently damaged. The scar tissues replace healthy liver tissues and prevents the liver from working normally.
It’s caused by alcoholism or hepatitis C and ultimately leads to liver failure.
What are gallstones?
Gallstones are solid formations commonly composed of cholesterol that develop in the gallbladder because of an imbalance of bile salts, bilirubin, and cholesterol in the bile. Related factors include obesity, alcohol intake, and heredity.
What are diabetes?
A chronic disorder where cells are unable to use glucose due to a lack of insulin in the bloodstream
What is type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is mainly diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults. It occurs when the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system and no longer produce insulin.
What is type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes occurs when either the body does not make enough insulin or it is unable to properly use the insulin it makes. It’s often diagnosed in people over the age of 40, but is becoming more common in children and adolescents due to obesity.
What is type 3 diabetes
Gestational diabetes can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes often ends when the baby is born, but women who have had gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. It’s often the result of pregnancy hormones or inadequate levels of insulin production.
What are the 5 types of diabetes?
Cluster 1: severe autoimmune diabetes (insulin deficiency and autoantibodies) aka type 1
Cluster 2: severe insulin-deficient diabetes (insulin deficiency)
Cluster 3: severe insulin-resistant
Cluster 4: mild obesity-related
Cluster 5: mild age-related
What treatments can you include for gallstones?
Treatments include medicine by decreasing the production of cholesterol to dissolve gallstones or cholecystectomy (removing the gallbladder)
