lesson 1 - function of digestion

Question 1

What is peristalsis?

Answer 1

Wave-like movement of the muscles lining the gastrointestinal tract, moving food through the digestive system (beginning in the throat when swallowing, through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines)

Question 2

Structural organization of multicellular organisms?

Answer 2

Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

Question 3

Examples of an atom

Answer 3

An example of an atom is hydrogen and oxygen. EX. H20 = 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen to create water

Question 4

What are molecules?

Answer 4

When atoms are bonded together

Question 5

A chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks a chemical bond

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

__ carry out specific functions in the cell. An example is nucleus containing DNA, mitochondria generating energy, or ribosomes synthesising proteins

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

Muscle __ contract, nerve __ transmit signals

Answer 7

Cells

Question 8

Name the four types of tissues and/or examples

Answer 8

Connective (ex. blood), Epithelial (ex. lining of respiratory tract), Muscle (ex. skeletal muscle), Nervous (brain, spinal cord)

Question 9

Groups of similar cells working together

Answer 9

Tissues

Question 10

Organ

Answer 10

Different tissues working together

Question 11

An example of this is heart and blood vessels in the circulatory system, or lungs and trachea in the respiratory system

Answer 11

Organ Systems

Question 12

Complete living entities

Answer 12

Organisms

Question 13

What’s the function of the digestive system?

Answer 13

Breaks down foods into smaller nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and protein so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream for the body to use as energy growth and excrete waste products with the help of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum

Question 14

Name the two types of digestions and how they briefly work

Answer 14

Chemical: Food being broken down by digestive enzymes through a process called hydrolysis (breaking down using water) which turns it into smaller nutrients that the body can easily absorb

Mechanical: Consists of the physical breakdown of food being crushed into smaller bits with the use of mastication and peristalsis, grinding, and churning. This occurs in the mouth esophagus and stomach

Question 15

List the four major macromolecules

Answer 15

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids/Fats
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 16

What are carbohydrates made of, the two types, and what do they do?

Answer 16

Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They provide short/long term storage of energy and have two main types: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 17

Define monosaccharides and give an example(s)

Answer 17

Carbohydrate molecules consisting of three to seven carbon atoms. Examples: fructose, glucose, galactose)

Question 18

Define polysaccharides and give an example(s)

Answer 18

Complex carbohydrates that consist of many linked simple sugars.

Examples: starch, which is the energy molecule in plants / glycogen, which performs the function of storing energy in the liver FOR ANIMALS.

Question 19

Define disaccharides and give an example(s)

Answer 19

Are made up of two simple sugars. Examples: sucrose, which is made up of fructose and glucose / lactose

Question 20

The larger the carbohydrate…

Answer 20

…The less sweet it is (ex. vegetables)

Question 21

Examples of lipids and a fact or two about them

Answer 21

Oil, butter, lard, etc. They are insoluble and store 2.5 more energy than other molecules

Question 22

CHNOPS is an acronym for what __ is made up of. __ Is made up of hundreds of smaller units called ___ ___.

Answer 22

protein, amino acids

Question 23

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down ..

Answer 23

Complex carbohydrates, specifically starch

Question 24

Lipase is made in the __ and breaks down __

Answer 24

pancreas, lipids

Question 25

Laundry detergents often contain enzymes. How do they aid in cleaning?

Answer 25

Each of these enzymes break down the molecules in the stains into smaller fragments which make it easier to be dissolved and washed away with water

Question 26

What are the four stages of food processing?

Answer 26

1. Ingestion (intake)
2. Digestion (breakdown)
3. Absorption (transfer)
4. Elimination (excrete)

Question 27

The four feeding mechanisms animals use and a brief explanation (look for the key words used and an example for each)

Answer 27

1. Filter feeder (Aquatic animals with a body structure similar to a filter basket gather organisms to digest. Examples: flamingoes, baleen whales)
2. Substrate feeder (They live in/on their food source and eat through it. Example: caterpillars)
3. Fluid feeder (Obtain food by sucking/licking fluids from live plants or animals. Example: bees, butterflies, mosquitos)
4. Bulk feeder (Ingest large pieces of food and use claws, jaws, teeth, etc. to tear off pieces. Example: human)