Lesson 3 Flashcards
responsible for the movement of human body.
Muscular System
Attached to the bone of skeletal system are about 600 system muscle that make rough half of a person body weight.
Muscular System
Also found in the heart , digestive organs, and blood vessels.
Muscle tissue
Serve to move substance through out the body
Muscular System
have many functions, including movement, posture, circulation, respiration, digestion, and urination.
Muscular System
Muscle does this to cause movement. This movement can be voluntary or involuntary.
Muscle Contract and Relax
Helps with a wide range of movements, including lifting heavy weights, giving birth, and eye movements.
Muscles
Help maintain posture, or the correct position of the body when sitting or standing
Skeletal muscles
Contribute to good pasture
Strong, Flexible Muscle
Smooth muscles in the arteries and veins help maintain blood pressure and circulation.
Circulation
The diaphragm is the main muscle used for quiet breathing.
Respiration
Muscle in the walls of the digestive tract organs move food and liquid through the system.
Digestion
This also produce more movements that result in various facial expression, eye movements and respiration
Skeletal muscle
Excitable or Irritable they have the ability to repond to a stimulus
Muscle
They can shorten in length
Contractible
They can extend or stretch
Extensible
They can return to their original shape
Elastic
Appearance: Striated, multi-nucleated (eccentric), fibers parallel. Voluntary Control
Skeletal
Function: movement, heat, posture
Skeletal
Location: skeleton
Skeletal
Location: heart
Cardiac
Function: pump blood continuously
Cardiac
Appearnace: Striated, one central nucleus, involuntary control.
Cardiac
muscles in the walls of the digestive tract organs move food and liquid through the system. This movement is called________________.
peristalsis
Location: G.I. tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
Visceral (smooth muscle)
Function: Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hairs.
Visceral (Smooth muscle)
Appearance: no striations, one central nucleus, involuntary control (2)
Visceral (smooth muscle)
Composed of skeletal muscle tissue and also contains nervouse tissue, blood vessles and connective tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle in males are______%
40%
Cardiac muscle in females body are___%
32%
Skeletal muscle fibers (cell) are arranged into bundles called?
Fascicles
Surrounds entire skeletal muscle and extends beyond its length
Deep Fascia
Closely surrounds skeletal muscle, binds fascicles together
Epimysium
Surrounds each fascile
Perimysium
Surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)
Endomysium
Many large muscle groups are encased in both a__________ and a____________.
superficial
deep fascia
_________________musculature of the trunk and extremities.
Fascia Covering
Meaning: Vastus
Huge
Meaning: maximus
Large
Meaning: longus
Long
Meaning: minimus
Small
Meaning: brevis
Short
Shape: traingular
deltiod
Shape: like rhombus with equal and parallel sides
Rhomboid
Shape: wide
Latissimus
Shape: round
Teres
Shape: like a trapezoid a four sided figure with two sides parallel
Trapezius
Direction: straight
Rectus
Direction: across
transverse
Direction: diagonally
Oblique
Direction: circular
Orbicularis
Location: chest
Pectoralis
Location: buttock or rump
Gluteus
Location: arm
Brachii
Location: above
Infra
Location: below
Sub
Location: under, beneath, lateral
Lateralis
The attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction.
Origin
Attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts.
Insertion
is usually distal, or further away
Insertion
Is proximal, or closer to the body, relative to the insertion.
Origin
origin in sternum and clavicle, insertion on the mastoid process
Sternocleidomastoids
origin in the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius
Brachioradialis
Action: to abduct
Abductor
Action: to adduct a structure
Adductor
Action: to extend structure
Extensor
Action: to lift or elevate a structure
Levator
Action: a chewer
Masseter
Refers to the movement of the muscle.
Muscle actions
During this action the muscles shorten as the proximal and distal muscle attachments move closer together.
Concentric Action
The chief flexor of the forearm.
Biceps
Is an extensor muscle of the elbow joint.
Triceps
used to show surprise disgust, anger ,fear and other emotions, they are important means of non verbal communications muscles of facial expression
Muscles
include those that move the vertebral column, muscles that form the thoracic and abdominal walls, and those that cover the pelvic outlet
Muscle of trunk
include that attach the scapula to the thorax and generally move the scapula and those attached to humerus to the scapula and generally move the arm and those are generally located in the arm or forearm that move forearm, wrist and hand
The muscle of the upper extremity
include trapezius and serratus anterior. The pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid and rotator cuff muscles to connect to humerus and move the arm
Muscle of shoulder and arm
Are located along the humerus, which include the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis.
Muscle of the forearm
The muscles that move the thigh have some origin on their part of the pelvic girdle on the insertion on the femur.
Muscle of the lower extremity
The largest muscle belong to this group.
Posterior Group
which as group adduct the thigh the iliopsoas, an anterior muscle flexes the thigh.
Gluteal muscle
Adduct the thigh
Muscle of the medial thigh
Located in the thigh region
Muscle that move the leg
group that straighten the leg at the knee.
Quadriceps femoris muscle
the antagonist to the quadriceps femoris muscle group which are used to flex the leg at the knee
Hamstring
dorsiflex the foot, is the antagonistic to the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle, which plantar flex the foot
Tibialis anterior
Surrounds an individual skeletal muscle, separating it from other muscles
Fascia
Fascia may extend beyond the ends of the muscle to become a?
Tendon
Fascia may connect muscle to muscle and is called an?
Aponeurosis
A muscle cell
Fiber
multinucleated and contain myoglobin. (Similar to hemoglobin)
Fibers
contain the contractile fibers.
Myofibrils
Is a protein that is found in your striated muscles which includes skeletal muscles (the muscles attached to your bones and tendons) and heart muscle
Myoglobin
Its main function is to supply oxygen to the cells in your muscles.
Myoglobin
Each of these filaments is made up of strands of protein
Myofibril
Are boundless of protein filaments that contain the contractile elements of___________that drives contraction and relaxation
cardiomyocyte
Myofibril composed of two types of myofilaments called
Thin and thick filaments
is the tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity.
Muscle contraction
It can happen when you hold or pick up something, or when you stretch or exercise with weights. Often followed by muscle relaxation when contracted muscles return to their normal state.
Muscle contraction
filaments composed of protein myosin
Thick filaments
filament composed of protein actin
Thin filament
occurs when these filaments slide over one another in a series of repetitive events.
Muscle contraction
a fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells.
Myosin
a motor protein most notably involved in muscle contraction.
Myosin
a motor protein most notably involved in muscle contraction.
Myosin
made mostly of myosin, have small “heads” that move.
Thick filaments
primarily composed of myosin and actin respectively, work together within a muscle fiber to create contraction by sliding past each other through a process called the sliding filament model;
Thick and thin filaments
when a muscle receives a signal, the myosin heads on the thick filaments attach to the actin on the thin filaments, pulling them inwards.
Sliding filaments model
the functional unit of muscle
Sarcomere
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
The muscle fiber that cause muscle contraction, it is made of myofibrils.
Sarcomere
causing the sarcomere (the functional unit of muscle) to shorten and thus generating muscle contraction; this movement is powered by?
ATP energy
