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Central Nervouse System Flashcards

1
Q

is the command center of the body. It’s parts of nervous system that coordinates and controls most activities of the body.

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

The CNS is composed of two main parts:

A

Brain and Spinal Chord

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3
Q

The complex organ that controls thought, emotion, movement and many other functions

A

The Brain

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4
Q

A long thin bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body

A

Spinal Cord

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5
Q

receives sensory information from the body and processes it. It then sends out motor commands to control muscles and glands

A

Central Nervous System

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6
Q

Its body processing center, responsible for everything from simple reflexes to complex thought processes.

A

Central Nervous System

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7
Q

the body’s control system, handling all information that allows us to think, feel and move

A

Central Nervous System

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8
Q

a closed structure

A

Brain

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9
Q

is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, each with multiple parts.

A

Brain

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10
Q

Body’s most complex organ

A

Brain

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11
Q

Proper function of this system involves coordinated action of neurons in many brain regions.

A

Nervous system

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12
Q

protected by the bones of the skull and by a covering of three thin membranes called meninges.

A

Brain

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13
Q

The brain is protected by the bones of the skull and by a covering of three thin membranes called?

A

meninges

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14
Q

This watery fluid is produced by special cells in the four hallow spaces in the brain, called ventricles.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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15
Q

It is one of the largest organs in the body, and coordinates most body activities. It is the center for all thought, memory, judgment, and emotion.

A

Brain

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16
Q

responsible for controlling different body functions, such as temperature regulation and breathing.

A

Brain

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17
Q

Bones that forms the head

A

Cranium

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18
Q

Brain is made up of three major parts:

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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19
Q

It is the largest section of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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20
Q

It is located in the upper portion of the brain and is the area that processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language.

A

Cerebrum

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21
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which is composed of folds of?

A

gray matter

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22
Q

subdivided into the left and right halves called cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere has 4 lobes.

A

Cerebrum

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23
Q

Cerebrum subdivided into the left and right halves called? Each hemisphere has 4 lobes.

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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24
Q

Second largest portion of the brain

A

Cerebellum

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25
Q

Located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum

A

Cerebellum

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26
Q

Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium

A

Cerebellum

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27
Q

Refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum

A

Cerebellum

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28
Q

connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.

A

Brain stem

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29
Q

It coordinates many survival function of the body such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and wakefulness

A

Brain stem

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30
Q

Three distinct regions make up the brain stem:

A

the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.

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31
Q

How many neurons are there in the brain

A

86 billion

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32
Q

is the topmost part of the brainstem, the connection central between the brain and the spinal cord.

A

midbrain

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33
Q

It is the forward-most portion of the brainstem and is located between the forebrain and the hindbrain.

A

Midbrain

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34
Q

It is composed of the tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncle, and substantia nigra.

A

Midbrain

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35
Q

It is associated with vision, hearing, motor control, eye and eyelid movement, sleep and wakefulness, arousal, temperature regulation, and dopamine production.

A

Midbrain

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36
Q

Midbrain name comes from the Greek word Mesos and enkephalos meaning?

A

MIDDLE and BRAIN

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37
Q

Is a portion of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla oblongata.

A

Pons

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38
Q

It also serves as a communications and coordination center between the two hemispheres of the brain.

A

Pons

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39
Q

the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.

40
Q

Also called medulla

41
Q

floats inside your skull in a sea of cerebrospinal fluid, separated from contact with the bone.

42
Q

Also called as nerve cell

43
Q

the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

44
Q

Most anterior portion of the cerebrum, controls motor function, personality, and speech

A

Frontal lobe

45
Q

The most superior portion of the cerebrum, receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language.

A

Parietal Lobe

46
Q

The most posterior portion of the cerebrum, controls vision.

A

Occipital lobe

47
Q

The left and right lateral portion of the cerebrum, controls hearing

A

Temporal lobe

48
Q

controls involuntary actions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

A

Medulla Oblongata

49
Q

Two other important structures are found in the brain stem, the:

A

thalamus and the hypothalamus

50
Q

serves as a relay station by directing incoming messages from the spinal cord to the appropriate parts of the brain.

51
Q

on the other hand, monitors internal conditions, such as water content and temperature.

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

Largest branch and the second terminal branch of internal carotid artery

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

53
Q

The primary function of this is to supply specific regions of brain parenchyma with oxygenated blood.

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

54
Q

This refers to the arteries’ location along the vertebrae, the bones of the spine.

A

Vertebral Artery

55
Q

Large elastic artery which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck.

A

Common Carotid Artery

56
Q

are the primary vessels supplying blood to the brain and face.

A

Carotid arteries

57
Q

The segment of the aorta that helps distribute blood to the head and upper extremities via the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery.

A

Arch of the Aorta

58
Q

The segment of the aorta that helps distribute blood to the head and upper extremities via the____________________, the left_______________ and the________________.

A

brachiocephalic trunk

common carotid

left subclavian artery

59
Q

A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the back. It is covered by three thin layers of protective tissue called membranes.

A

Spinal cord

60
Q

Spinal cord is covered by three thin layers of protective tissue called?

61
Q

The spinal cord and membranes are surrounded by the?

62
Q

The most important part of the spine is located right at the?

A

base of your skull, the upper cervical/neck area.

63
Q

Runs through the vertebral canal

A

Spinal cord

64
Q

Spinal Cord extends from?

A

Foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra

65
Q

Regions of spinal cord

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

66
Q

Three primary roles of the spinal cord

A
  1. Send motor commands from the brain to the body
  2. Send sensory information from the body to the brain
  3. Coordinate reflexes
67
Q

Three parts of Spinal Cord

A

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (chest)
Lumbar (lower back)

68
Q

The tough outer layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord and is closest to the skull.

A

Dura Mater

69
Q

one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is so named because of its resemblance to a spider web.

A

Arachnoid Mater

70
Q

The delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

71
Q

medieval Latin meaning “tender mother”. The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

72
Q

Pia mater is medieval Latin meaning?

A

Tender mother

73
Q

are the membranes that support and protect the brain.

74
Q

A clear fluid that travels in the spaces formed by the meninges.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

75
Q

a clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

76
Q

make up your central nervous system.

A

brain and spinal cord

77
Q

It controls and coordinates everything you do, including you ability to move, breathe, see think, and more.

A

Brain and spinal cord

78
Q

is made by tissue that lines the ventricles (hollow spaces) in the brain. It flows in and around the brain and spinal cord to help cushion them from injury and provide nutrients.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

79
Q

acts as a shock absorber, cushion or buffer, providing basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull. It also serves a vital function in the cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

80
Q

Brain Functions:

A

Vision
Taste
Cognition
Emotion
Speech
Language
Hearing
Motor cortex
Sensory cortex
Autonomic Functions

81
Q

Is an inflammation of the brain most often cause by a virus and less often by bacteria or other agents.

A

Encephalitis

82
Q

Is an inflammation of the spinal cord with causes and symptoms similar to encephalitis.

83
Q

Is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. Infects the brain, salivary glands, muscles and connected tissue.

84
Q

Brain develop from neuroglial cells. Symptoms vary widely, depending on the location of this but may include headaches, neuralgia, paralysis, and seizures.

85
Q

Is a term meaning a blow or sudden attack, suggesting the speed with which this type of depict can occur.

86
Q

Is a dilation of an artery. The arteries around the brain are common sites, and hypertension can cause this, to burst or leak, causing a hemorrhage around the brain.

87
Q

Is a serve type of mental deterioration, or dementia, usually affecting older people, but occasionally affecting people under age 60.

88
Q

Is a group of brain disorder that have seizure episode in common.

89
Q

A variety of causes of headaches is that it can be grouped into two basic classes:

A

extracranial and intracranial

90
Q

headaches can be caused by inflammation of the sinuses, dental irritations, temporomandibular joint disorders, ophthalmological disorder, or tension in the muscle moving the head and neck

A

Extracranial headaches

91
Q

may result from inflammation of the brain or meninges, vascular problems, mechanical damage, or tumor.

A

Intracranial Headaches

92
Q

Occur in only one side of the head and appear to involve the abnormal expansion and contraction of blood vessels.

A

Migraine Headaches

93
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which is composed of folds of gray matter, each fold are called?

94
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by special cells in the four hallow spaces in the brain, called

A

Ventricles

95
Q

Midbrain is also known as?

A

mesencephalon

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