Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMLS 2 > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system responsible for? (6)

A

(1) it is responsible for transporting throughout the body oxygenated blood from the heart and lungs via the arteries. Then the oxygen-depleted blood is returned to its origin through the veins.

(2) it delivers the oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the human body.

(3) transports carbon dioxide and other wastes to the other organs of the body and away from the cells

(4) it helps in the coagulation process

(5) regulates body temperature

(6) assists the body in fighting diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The circulatory system is made up of two main components:

A

(1) the cardiovascular system

(2) the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of (3)

A

(1) the heart

(2) blood vessels

(3) blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The lymphatic system is made up of the:

A

(1) lymph

(2) lymph nodes

(3) vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The heart is a hollow muscular organ that has four chambers:

A

(1) left atrium

(2) right atrium

(3) left ventricle

(4) right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The heart is surrounded by a thin, fluid-filled sac called:

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A human heart is about the same size as that of a:

A

Person’s clenched fist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Layers of the Heart (3)

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DESCRIPTION: thin, watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DESCRIPTION: thick layer of cardiac muscles in the middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DESCRIPTION: thin layer of epithelial cells in the inner layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FUNCTION: covers the heart and is attached to the pericardium

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FUNCTION: pumps blood into the arteries by contracting

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FUNCTION: lines the valves and interior chambers

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chambers of the Heart (4)

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Left Ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DESCRIPTION: upper right chamber

A

Right Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DESCRIPTION: lower right chamber

A

Right Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DESCRIPTION: upper left chamber

A

Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DEFINITION: lower left chamber

A

Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function: receives deoxygenated blood from the body

A

Right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function: receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle

A

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function: receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta

A

Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Valves of the Heart (4)

A

Right AV valve

Left AV valve

Right semilunar valve

Left semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

DESCRIPTION: tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

Right AV valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DESCRIPTION: bicuspid or mitral valve located between the lef atrium and the left ventricle

A

Left AV valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

DESCRIPTION: pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery

A

Right semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DESCRIPTION: aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta

A

Left semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Function: closes as the right ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the right atrium

A

Right AV Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Function: closes as the left ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the left atrium

A

Left AV Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function: closes when the right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right ventricle

A

Right semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function: closes when the left ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle

A

Left semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the Septa (2)

A
  1. Interatrial septum
  2. Interventicular septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

DESCRIPTION: partition that separates the right from the left
atria

A

Interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

DESCRIPTION: separates the right and the left ventricles

A

Interventicular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is this called?

The heart receives blood supply through the left and right coronary arteries, and the coronary veins return the oxygen-depleted blood from the heart muscle back to the heart.

A

The coronary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This supplies the blood as well as provides drainage to the tissues.

A

The coronary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The coronary circulation is composed of (3)

A

left and right coronary arteries and coronary veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Poor circulation could lead to

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ischemia is caused by

A

(1) inadequate supply of oxygen

(2) myocardial infarction or heart attack which may be due to complete obstruction of the coronary artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

DESCRIPTION: Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) which lasts about 0.8 seconds

A

Cardiac Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

DESCRIPTION: Sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is initiated by the sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)

A

Electrical Conduction System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

DESCRIPTION: Provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle’s activity

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

DESCRIPTION: “Lubb” which is the first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close and “dupp” or the second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax.

A

Origin of Heart Sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

DESCRIPTION: The average heart rate is 72 beats per minute (bpm) and the cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped per minute

A

Heart Rate and Cardiac Output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

DESCRIPTION: A rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery

A

Pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

DESCRIPTION: The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel measured by the sphygmomanometer; the difference between the systolic (pressure during contraction) and diastolic (pressure during relaxation)

A

Blood Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The human heart may have disorders that can be detected and addressed.
(6)

A
  1. Angina pectoris
  2. Aortic stenosis
  3. Bacterial endocarditis
  4. Congestive heart failure
  5. Myocardial infarction
  6. Pericarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

List of diagnostic tests for heart disorders:

A

(1) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

(2) Arterial blood gases (ABG)

(3) Cholesterol

(4) Creatine kinase (CK)

(5) Creatine kinase (CK)-MB

(6) Digoxin

(7) Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

(8) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes

(9) Microbial cultures

(10) Myoglobin

(11) Potassium (K)

(12) Triglycerides

(13) Troponin T (TnT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The ____ is the loop consisting of a network of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of the body.

A

Vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the two divisions of the vascular system?

A

the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

This moves the blood between the right ventrice of the heart to the lungs.

A

The pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

During the process, oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released, after which, the oxygenated blood flows back to the left atrium of the heart. Which circulation is this?

A

The pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

This moves the oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

A

The systematic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

The deoxygenated blood with carbon dioxide and wastes flows back to the right atrium.

Which circulation is this?

A

The systematic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Structure of the Vascular System (5)

A

a. Arteries

b. Arterioles

c. Veins

d. Venules

e. Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Small-diameter blood vessels that branch out from the arteries and lead to the capillaries

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Very small veins that collect blood from the capillaries

A

Venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and veins

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Blood Vessel Structure (3)

A

a. Layers

b. Lumen

c. Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

the blood vessels have three layers:

A

(1) tunica adventitia (outer connective tissue)

(2) tunica media (middle, muscle and elastic fiber)

(3) tunica intima (inner, endothelial cell).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The space inside the blood vessel where the blood flows.

A

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Found in the veins, these are thin membranous leaflets that prevent the backflow of blood.

A

Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

The pathway for the blood flow of the human body consists of (3)

A

(1) arteries

(2) veins

(3) capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

These allow the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and also make it possible to remove carbon dioxide and other waste materials of metabolism.

A

(1) arteries

(2) veins

(3) capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Disorders of the Vascular System

A
  1. Aneurysm
  2. Arteriosclerosis
  3. Atherosclerosis
  4. Embolism
  5. Embolus
  6. Hemorrhoids
  7. Phlebitis
  8. Thrombophlebitis
  9. Thrombus
  10. Varicose veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Diagnostic Tests in Vascular System (6)

A

(1) D-dimer
(2) Fibrin degradation products (FDP)
(3) Lipoproteins
(4) Prothrombin time (PT)
(5) Partial thromboplastin time (PTT/APTT)
(6) Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

DISORDER: enlargement of the artery due to the weakening of the artery wall

A

Aneurysm

71
Q

DISORDER: hardening of the artery wall due to aging

A

Arteriosclerosis

72
Q

DISORDER: formation of plaques in the inner walls

A

Atherosclerosis

73
Q

DISORDER: clot or bubble that causes obstruction of an artery

A

Embolism

74
Q

DISORDER: obstruction that is carried and lodged in a vessel

A

Embolus

75
Q

DISORDER: swollen veins in the area of the anus

A

Hemorrhoids

76
Q

DISORDER: inflammation of the veins particularly the wall

A

Phlebitis

77
Q

DISORDER: swelling of the veins of the legs that usually occurs during pregnancy

A

Thrombophlebitis

78
Q

DISORDER: blood clot that impedes blood flow

A

Thrombus

79
Q

DISORDER: usually found in the legs, these are veins that have been twisted and enlarged

A

Varicose veins

80
Q

It is the red fluid that is transported throughout the body via the circulatory system.

A

Blood

81
Q

What are the two types of blood?

A

(1) Arterial blood

(2) Venous blood

82
Q

BLOOD: oxygen and nutrients are carried to the tissues

A

(1) Arterial blood

83
Q

BLOOD: carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products are carried to the lungs and kidneys for removal from the body.

A

Venous blood

84
Q

It is a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood which is 90% water.

A

Plasma

85
Q

Plasma contains gases:

A

(O2, CO2, N), minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), carbs and lipids, proteins, etc.

86
Q

The human blood is composed of:

A

(1) plasma

(2) other formed elements.

87
Q

The formed elements are:

A

(1) cells

(2) cell remnants

(3) cell fragments found in the human blood.

88
Q

In the human blood, there are three types of cells:

A
  1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  2. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  3. Thrombocytes (platelets)
89
Q

This carry O2 and CO2 and are produced in the bone marrow.

A

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

90
Q

Is formed in the marrow and the lymphatic tissue. They neutralize pathogens. The two types are granulocytes and agranulocytes.

A

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

91
Q

Are pieces of very large cells in the bone marrow that help form blood clots.

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

92
Q

The human blood type is inherited and determined by the ____ on the surface of the red blood cells.

A

antigens

93
Q

The blood contains or can develop _____ directed at the opposite blood type.

A

Antibodies

94
Q

Blood type match is important especially during blood transfusion because the wrong type could _____ the red blood cells.

A

Agglutinate

95
Q

When a doctor mentions blood type, he/she is referring to a person’s—

A

ABO blood group system or Rhesus (Rh) factor

96
Q

This is a system of classifying human blood by the presence of antigens A and B and based on the antigenic components found on the surface of the red blood cells.

A

ABO Blood Group System

97
Q

ABO Blood Group system of classification is of primary importance in obstetrics because of the?

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

98
Q

This is necessary to determine the compatibility of the donor’s blood with the recipient’s blood because an individual who does not produce the D antigen will produce anti-D which could be fatal if it encounters the D antigen.

A

Cross matching

99
Q

There are three blood specimens that are collected for testing purposes:

A

(1) serum

(2) plasma

(3) whole blood.

100
Q

It is the fluid part of the blood that is left after clotting because it does not have fibrinogen. This can be separated by centrifugation.

A

Serum

101
Q

This refers to the fluid portion that is separated by centrifugation from the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It has fibrinogen and could be collected using an anticoagulant tube. It is also collected in cases where serum could not be used.

A

Plasma

102
Q

It is the same as blood in the bloodstream and it should neither clot nor separate. Just like plasma, it could be collected using the anticoagulant tube and must be mixed for a minimum of 2 minutes prior to testing.

A

The whole blood

103
Q

Blood Disorders (8)

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Leukemia
  3. Urinary tract infection
  4. Leukocytosis
  5. Leukopenia
  6. Polycythemia
  7. Thrombocytosis
  8. Thrombocytopenia
104
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: caused by not having enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin

A

Anemia

105
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: cancer of the blood; the formation of abnormal tissues or cells in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system

A

Leukemia

106
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: shown by high number of leukocytes

A

Urinary tract infection

107
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: increased number of white blood cells in the blood
due to illness or infection

A

Leukocytosis

108
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: reduced number of white cells in the blood

A

Leukopenia

109
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: the marrow produces too many red blood cells resulting in the thickening of blood

A

Polycythemia

110
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: the body produces too many platelets (thrombocytes) which affect the blood clotting

A

Thrombocytosis

111
Q

BLOOD DISORDERS: characterized by low platelet count

A

Thrombocytopenia

112
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Blood (15)

A

• ABO and RH type
• Bone marrow examination
. Complete blood count (CBC)
. Cross-matching
• Differential (diff) count
• Eosinophil (Eos) count
•Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• Ferritin
• Hematocrit (Hct)
• Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb)
• Hemogram
• Indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC)
• Iron (Fe)
• Reticulocyte (retic) count
• Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

113
Q

It is a network of tissues and organs responsible for the removal of toxins and waste in the human body.

A

The lymphatic system

114
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

A

Its primary function is to transport the white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes throughout the body

115
Q

The lymphatic system is composed of?

A

fluids or lymph which is similar to plasma but is composed of 95% water.

116
Q

The lymph is transported throughout the system through the (3)

A

lymphatic vessels, ducts, and masses of lymph tissue called nodes.

117
Q

The body’s excess tissue fluid filters into ____ which join larger lymphatic vessels until they empty into either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct.

A

lymphatic capillaries

118
Q

The ___ moves through the vessels with the help of skeletal muscle contraction. It passes through the lymph nodes, which produce _____, before it reaches the duct.

A

lymph

lymphocytes

119
Q

The lymphatic system has other functions: (4)

A
  1. It transports the tissue fluids back into the bloodstream.
  2. It removes impurities.
  3. It processes lymphocytes.
  4. It transports the fats absorbed from the small intestine into the bloodstream.
120
Q

It is an excess tissue fluid that filters through the lymphatic capillaries.

A

The lymph

121
Q

It is an excess tissue fluid that filters through the lymphatic capillaries.

A

The lymph

122
Q

It is an excess tissue fluid that filters through the lymphatic capillaries.

A

The lymph

123
Q

The lymph is moved as a result of ______.

A

skeletal muscle contraction

124
Q

Disorders of the Lymphatic System

A
  1. Lymphangitis
  2. Lymphadenitis
  3. Lymphadenopathy
  4. Splenomegaly
  5. Hodgkin’s disease
  6. Lymphosarcoma
  7. Lymphoma
125
Q

It is an inflammation of lymphatic channels resulting from an infection at a site distal to the channel

A

Lymphangitis

126
Q

It refers to the inflammation of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenitis

127
Q

It is also called adenopathy, a disease in which there is abnormality in the size or number of lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenopathy

128
Q

It is the enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

129
Q

It is the cancer that affects the immune system and is characterized by enlarged lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin’s disease

130
Q

It is a type of cancer that develops from lymphocytes

A

Lymphosarcoma

131
Q

It is the cancer of the lymphatic system that begins in the lymphocytes

A

Lymphoma

132
Q

[Lymphocytes] Diagnostic Tests

A

• Bone marrow biopsy
• Complete blood count
• Culture and sensitivity
• Lymph node biopsy
• Mononucleosis test

133
Q

Diagnostic Tests [Lymphatic System] (5)

A

• Bone marrow biopsy
• Complete blood count
• Culture and sensitivity
• Lymph node biopsy
• Mononucleosis test

134
Q

It is the stoppage of bleeding as a response to an injury whether it be normal vasoconstriction where the vessel walls close temporarily, abnormal obstruction like plaque, or coagulation such as litigation.

A

Hemostasis

135
Q

A type of response to an injury where the vessel walls close temporarily

A

Normal vasoconstriction

136
Q

It is a type of response to an injury like plaque, or coagulation such as litigation.

A

Abnormal obstruction

137
Q

It requires coordination between the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, platelets, and other blood cells, and the plasma proteins.

A

Hemostasis

138
Q

It requires coordination between the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, platelets, and other blood cells, and the plasma proteins.

A

Hemostasis

139
Q

HEMOSTASIS:

There are four interrelated responses:

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Formation of the primary platelet plug
  3. Progression to the stable blood clot
  4. Fibrinolysis or dissolving of clot
140
Q

It is when the vessel walls are constricted after an injury, which results in reduced flow of blood in the site of injury

A

Vasoconstriction

141
Q

It is when platelets stick together on the site of the injury forming a plug

A

Formation of the primary platelet plug

142
Q

It is the process in which the blood change from a liquid state into a gel that forms the blood clot

A

Coagulation or clotting

143
Q

It refers to the proteins that are needed in the coagulation.

A

The coagulation factors

144
Q

(COAGULATION FACTORS) There are three types:

A
  1. enzyme precursors that turn into enzymes when activated
  2. cofactors that accelerate enzymatic reactions
  3. and substrates which are the substances that are acted on and changed by the enzymes.
145
Q

The clotting cascade has two separate but interacting pathways which are?

A
  1. the extrinsic pathway which is activated by external trauma (initiates coagulation)
  2. the intrinsic pathway which is activated by trauma inside the bloodstream (produces thrombin).
146
Q

(Clotting cascade) It has three cell-based coagulation phases.

A
  1. initiation
  2. amplification
  3. propagation
147
Q

It is an enzyme that plays an important role in coagulation.

A

Thrombin

148
Q

Thrombin is produced at—

A

The site of injury from the prothrombin.

149
Q

It amplifies coagulation and converts fibrinogen into soluble fibrin.

A

Thrombin

150
Q

This support the platelet plug formation by activating factor XIII to cross-link fibrin and also to control the formation and coagulation process by activating protein C.

A

Thrombin

151
Q

It is the process in which the fibrin is dissolved.

A

Fibrinolysis

152
Q

(Fibrinolysis) It has two main activities:

A
  1. reopens intact vessels by dissolving clots
  2. removes hemostatic clots from the tissue as part of the healing process
153
Q

The liver’s role in hemostasis is to:

A

synthesize coagulation factors

  1. V
  2. VIII
  3. prothrombin
  4. fibrinogen
154
Q

This organ produces heparin and bile salts needed for synthesis. It is also responsible for the production of bile salts needed for vitamin K absorption.

A

Liver

155
Q

Hemostatic Disorders: (4)

A
  1. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
  2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  3. Hemophilia
  4. Thrombocytopenia
156
Q

It happens when blood clot forms in one or more deep veins, usually in the legs.

A

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

157
Q

It occurs when the formation of small clots blocks the small blood vessels.

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

158
Q

It is a disorder involving the lack of sufficient blood-clotting proteins.

A

Hemophilia

159
Q

It is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.

A

Thrombocytopenia

160
Q

HEMOSTATIC: Diagnostic Tests (7)

A
  1. Bleeding time
  2. D-dimer
  3. Factor assays
  4. Fibrin degradation products
    (FDP)
  5. Platelet function assay (PFA)
  6. Prothrombin time (PT)
  7. Partial thromboplastin time
    (PTT or APTT)
161
Q

It is the triangular area on the anterior of the elbow, which is a site of major veins.

A

Antecubital fossa, also called the elbow pit.

162
Q

This is the first choice for routine venipuncture because there are several major arm veins called antecubital veins which are close to the surface which makes them easy to locate and penetrate.

A

Antecubital fossa, also called the elbow pit.

163
Q

It refers to a vein arrangement that occurs in about 70% of the population.

A

H-shaped antecubital veins

164
Q

It is the preferred venipuncture site. It is the easiest to access and least painful for the patient.

A

Median cubital vein

165
Q

It is the second choice for venipuncture. It is harder to palpate but is usually better when drawing blood from an obese patient.

A

Cephalic vein

166
Q

It is last choice-vein for venipuncture as it is not well anchored and punctures on this vein are more painful.

A

Basilic vein

167
Q

These are the intermediate antebrachial veins, which include the median, median cephalic, and median basilic veins.

A

M-shaped antecubital veins

168
Q

It is intermediate antebrachial vein; first-choice vein safest and less painful

A

Median vein

169
Q

It is the intermediate cephalic vein; second choi. for venipuncture; less likely to roll

A

Median cephalic vein

170
Q

It is the intermediate basilic vein; last choice veil because it is more painful

A

Median basilic vein

171
Q

It is used if the antecubital veins are not accessible.

A

Other arm and hand veins are used

172
Q

The veins at the back of the hand that can be used are smaller, so using them may be—

A

very painful

173
Q

Take note that the _____ is never used as a venipuncture sile.

A

under side of the wrist

174
Q

Leg, ankle, and foot veins must not be used in venipuncture without the permission of a physician due to complications such as—

A

thrombosis

175
Q

Arteries are not used for routine blood collection and are limited to the collection of_______. Special training is needed and the procedure is risky for the patient.

A

arterial blood gas

PMLS 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions