Lesson 3 Flashcards
Develop by Alfred Adler, this theory of human behavior and a therapeutic approach that encourages individual to make positive contribution to society and achieve personal happiness
Individual Psychology
A person is not divided into parts, but is viewed as indivisible
Holism
The mind, body, and emotions work together all in the service of the individual’s final fictional goal.
Holism
A trained individual can see themes and how everything fits into one complete picture.
Holism
Adler emphasized the significance of understanding the individual’s subjective experience and the social context in which they live.
Holism
is the study of purpose or goal-directedness.
Teleology
suggesting that individuals are motivated by a forward-looking goal or purpose.
Teleological striving
This striving towards a future goal influences an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Teleological striving
people are born with weak, inferior bodies—a condition that leads to feelings of inferiority and a consequent dependence on other people.
Adlerian theory
Therefore, a feeling of unity with others (social interest) is inherent in people and the ultimate standard for—
Psychological Health
The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the striving for
success or superiority.
shape their behavior and personality.
Subjective perception
It is unified and self-consistent
Personality
The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of
Social Interest
The self-consistent personality structure develops into a person’s—
Style of life
Style of life is molded by people’s
Creative power
holds that everyone begins life with physical deficiencies that activate feelings of inferiority—feelings that motivate a person to strive for either superiority or success.
Individual psychology
feelings that motivate a person to strive for either superiority or success.
Feelings of inferiority
was the dynamic power behind all motivation, but he soon became dissatisfied with this term.
Aggression
which implied will to power or a domination of others.
Masculine protest
those people who strive for personal superiority over others
Striving for superiority
To people that have a well developed social interest
Striving for success
has no objective existence.
Final Goal
It is not a universally defined or predetermined objective but is rather an individual’s subjective vision of what they perceive as a successful or superior life.
Subjective nature of final goal
Adler posited that individuals construct their final goals based on their perceptions, beliefs, and interpretations of their life experiences.
Imaginary and constructed
It is not an external, measurable reality but rather an internal guide that influences a person’s behavior, choices, and motivations.
No objective existence
It influences an individual’s actions and decisions, providing a sense of direction and purpose in their pursuit of success or superiority.
Motivational Role
final goal acts as a driving force in guiding actions.
Influence in behavior
People’s ability to shape their behavior and create their own personality.
Creative Power
People strive for superiority or success as a means of compensation for feelings of inferiority or weakness.
Striving as compensation
Some people strive for superiority with little or no concern for others.
Striving for personal superiority
Their goals are personal ones, and their strivings are motivated largely by exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority, or the presence of an inferiority complex.
Striving for personal superiority
psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest and the success of all humankind.
Social progress is more important to them than personal credit.
Striving for success
Expectations of the future
Fictions
Our most important goal; goal created early in our life and may not be clearly understood
The goal of superiority and success
People are motivated not by what is true but by their subjective perceptions of what is true.
Fictionalism
People who are born with small, weak, and inferior bodies develop___________ about how to overcome these physical deficiencies and become big, strong, and superior.
Fiction and belief system
insists on the fundamental unity of personality and the notion that inconsistent behavior does not exist.
Individual psychology
The disturbance of one part of the body cannot be viewed in isolation; it affects the entire person.
Organ dialect
body’s organs “speak a language which is usually more expressive and discloses the individual’s opinion more clearly than words are able to do”
Organ dialect
Harmony between conscious and unconscious actions
Example of unified personality
Part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated nor completely understood by the individual.
Unconscious
Those that are completely understood and regarded by the individual as helpful striving for success.
Conscious
_________ thoughts that are those that are not helpful
Unconscious
Misleading translation means a feeling of oneness and with all humanity; implies membership in the social community of all people
Social interest
can be defined as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general as well as an empathy for each member of the human community.
Social interest
It originates from the mother-child relationship during the early months of infancy.
Social interest
Adler’s yardstick for measuring psychological health and is thus “the sole criterion of human values”
Social interest
used in judging the worth of a person.
Social interest
is not synonymous with charity and unselfishness
Social interest
Adler used to refer to the flavor of a person’s life.
Style of life
Is the product of interaction of environment, heredity, and a person’s social life
Style of life
Three major problems of life:
Neighborly love
Sexual love
Occupation
places them in control of their own lives
Creative power
It is responsible for their (persons) final goal, determines their method of striving for that goal, and contributes to the development of social interest.
Creative power
One factor underlying all types of maladjustment is—
Underdeveloped social interest
Besides lacking on social interest, neurotics tend to:
- Set their goal to high
- Live in their own private world .
- Have rigid and dogmatic style of like
Whether congenital or the result of injury or disease, are not sufficient to lead to maladjustment, it should always be accompanied by___________
by accentuated feeling of inferiority
whether congenital or the result of injury or disease, are not sufficient to lead to maladjustment. They must be accompanied by accentuated feelings of inferiority.
Exaggerated physical deficiencies
Pampered children have not received too much love; rather, they feel unloved
Pampered style of love
Abused and mistreated children developed little social interest and tend to create a_______________
Neglected style of life.
They have little confidence to themselves and tends to overs estimate difficulties connected with life major problem.
Neglected style of life
enable people to hide their inflated self-image and to maintain their current style of life.
Safeguarding tendencies
expressed in the “Yes, but” or “If only” format.
Excuses
some people use _________ to safeguard their exaggerated superiority complex.
Aggression
the tendency to undervalue other people’s achievements and to overvalue one’s own.
Depreciation
is the tendency to blame others for one’s failures and to seek revenge, thereby safeguarding one’s own tenuous self-esteem.
Accusations
Personality development can be halted when people run away from difficulties.
Withdrawal
is the tendency to safeguard one’s fictional goal of superiority by psychologically reverting to a more secure period of life
Moving backwards
Do not move in any direction, thus, they avoid all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat of failure.
Standing Still
people hesitate or vacillate when faced with difficult problems.
Hesitating
some people build a straw house to show that they can knock it down
Constructing Obstacles
