Lesson 2 Flashcards
focus on the psychological drives and forces within individuals that explain human behavior and personality.
Psychodynamic theories
focused on the unconscious mind as the source of psychological distress and dysfunction.
Psychoanalysis
contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions (dreams, slips of the tongue, repression).
Unconscious
a portion of our unconscious originates from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition.
Phylogenetic Endowment
contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.
Preconscious
Under the preconscious are the:
Recent/Accesible Memories
Subliminal/Latent thought
mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. It is the only level of mental life directly available to us.
Conscious
core of personality and completely unconscious. Pleasure principle.
Id (das es or it)
contact with reality. Reality principle, decision making/executive branch of personality. Partly conscious and unconscious, thus, it operates in each mental level.
Ego (Das Ich or I)
represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles.
Superego (das uber ich or over I)
Pleasure seeking person is when?
Dominated by ID
A person is guilt driven or have an inferior feeling when?
Dominated by Superego
A psychological healthy person is when they are?
Dominated by Ego
Translate as an instinct but accurately it is drives or impulse
Drive (Triebs)
Under the superego are:
Conscience: punishment
Ego-ideal: reward
Sex drive or libido
Sex/ Eros
Destructive/ Thanatos
Aggression
To return the organism to its inorganic state (death hence self destruction)
Aggression
Teasing, sarcasm, humor, gossiping
Aggression
War, atrocities, religious persecution
Aggression
It is felt, affective, and unpleasant feeling, accompanied by physical sensation that warns the person of impending danger.
Anxiety
Apprehension about an unknown danger that originates from the ID. Accompanied by the fear of punishment.
Neurotic Anxiety
Stems from the conflict of Ego and Superego
Moral Anxiety
Closely related to fear
Realistic Anxiety
Defined as an unpleasant feeling, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.
Realistic Anxiety
Ego preserving and self regulating
Realistic Anxiety
Psychological strategies or processes that individuals unconsciously employ to protect the selves themselves from unpleasant emotions, thought, and conflicts.
Defense mechanism
Normally and universally used, when carried out to an extreme the lead to—
Compulsive, repetitive, and neurotic behavior.
Forces threatening feeling into the unconscious
Repression
adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form.
Reaction formation
redirect unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed.
Displacement
permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development.
Fixation
Once the libido has passed a developmental stage, it may, during times of stress and anxiety, revert back to that earlier stage.
Regression
seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious.
Projection
placing an unwanted impulse onto an external object
Introjection
4-5 years after birth. Infants possess a sexual life and go through a pregenital sexual development.
Infantile Period
Infants obtain life-sustaining nourishment through the oral cavity, but beyond that, they also gain pleasure through the act of sucking.
Oral phase
infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety.
Oral-receptive
infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smiling, and crying.
Oral-sadistic
development during the second year when the anus emerges as a sexually pleasurable zone.
Anal phase
children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.
Early anal
they sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.
Late anal
people who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively neat and orderly fashion.
Anal Character
orderliness, stinginess, obstinacy
Anal triad
(3-4 years) the genital ares become the leading erogenous zone.
Phallic phase
Infant boy forms an identification with their father, that is, he wants to be his father. Later develops sexual desire for his mother.
Male Oedipus Complex
Fear of losing a penis
Castration Anxiety
Girls were believed to experience a similar attraction to their father and rivals with her mother.
Female Oedipus Comples (Electra Complex)
Where they realize they lack penis
Penis Envy
Source of power and the focus of male psychosexual development
Penis
(4-5 year until puberty) both boys and girls go through (not always) go through a period of dormant psychosexual development
Latency Period
brought about partly by parents’ attempts to punish or discourage sexual activity in their young children.
Latency period
If parental suppression is successful, children will repress their sexual drive and direct their psychic energy toward school, friendships, hobbies, and other nonsexual activities.
Latency period
Puberty signals a reawakening of the sexual aim and the beginning of the genital period.
Genital period
adolescents give up autoeroticism and direct their sexual energy toward another person instead of toward themselves.
Genital Period
Reproduction is now possible
Genital period
although penis envy may continue to linger in girls, the vagina finally obtains the same status for them that the penis had for them during infancy. Parallel to this, boys now see the female organ as a sought-after object rather than a source of trauma.
Genital period
the entire sexual drive takes on a more complete organization.
Genital period
attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner.
Maturity
seldom happens, because people have too many opportunities to develop pathological disorders or neurotic predispositions.
Psychological Maturity
strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment
Free association or transference
