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Addictive Behaviours > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Use

A

Taking medication as prescribed.

  • ex. taking meds to cure an infection.
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2
Q

Drug Misuse

A

Use that is counter to prescription.

  • Using it incorrectly or using it too much.
  • ex. taking 4 Advil instead of the recommended two.
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3
Q

Drug Abuse

A

Taking drugs for desired side effects.

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4
Q

Behavioural Definition of Addiction

A
  • Addiction is a behaviour because one is taking part even well knowing the negative effects.
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5
Q

3 C’s of Addictive Behaviour

A
  • Compulsion
  • Control
  • Consequence
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6
Q

Compulsion

A

One of the 3 C’s of addictive behaviour.

Compulsion with Obsession

  • Users think about alcohol + drugs as a vicious negitive cycle
  • Obsessive relationship with the drug.
  • Preoccupation with using.

Use “against will” or a feeling of “having” to use.

Central to the disease model.

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7
Q

Control

A

One of the 3 C’s of addictive behaviour.

  • Inability to STOP using the substance.
  • Loss of control.
  • They are unable to refuse readily available drugs.
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8
Q

Consequences

A

One of the 3 C’s of addictive behaviour.

  • Users are so caught up in their addictions, that they continue to use despite adverse consequences.
  • Consequences include: physical, psychological, sexual, social, financial, and legal.
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9
Q

The Diagnostic + Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5)

A
  • Includes a list of possible substance dependencies.
  • Substance Use Disorders (SUD).
  • Lists 11 possible symptoms are split into 4 groups:
  1. Impaired Control
  2. Social Impairment
  3. Risky Use
  4. Pharmacological Indicators
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10
Q

Impaired Control (DSM 5)

A
  • Using for longer than intended, or in larger amounts.
  • Wanting to reduce use, but being unable to do so.
  • Spending excessive time getting/using/recovering from use.
  • Intense cravings that make it difficult to focus on something else.
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11
Q

Social Impairment (DSM 5)

A
  • Not managing responsibilities at work, home or school because of substance use.
  • Continued use, even when causing problems in relationships.
  • Giving up social, work or recreational activities because of substance use.
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12
Q

Risky Use (DSM 5)

A
  • Using substances repeatedly, even when it puts you in danger.
  • Continuing use even when it makes a physical or psychological problem worse (or if it causes any health problem).
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13
Q

Pharmacological Indicators
(DSM 5)

A
  • Needing more of the substance to get the desired effect (tolerance).
  • Development of withdrawal symptoms that are
    relieved when taking more of the substance.
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14
Q

Biomarker

A
  • A biological test for diagnosing addiction.
  • A substance in the body that can be measured and potentially indicates disease or infection.
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15
Q

Drug Metabolites

A
  • A biological test for diagnosing addiction.
  • Byproduct of the body breaking down, or “metabolizing,” a drug into a different substance.
  • Can be tested in blood, sweat, urine, saliva, hair, and breath.
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16
Q

Genetics

A
  • A biological test for diagnosing addiction.
  • Variations in genes that process alcohol, nicotine and opioids have all been found in people with substance use disorders.
17
Q

Brain Imaging

A
  • A biological test for diagnosing addiction.
  • Structure and function of the brain (MRI, PET, etc.).
18
Q

Physiological Tolerance

A
  • When your body needs more of the drug in order to feel EFFECTS.
19
Q

Psychological Tolerance

A
  • When more of a drug is required in order to feel the MENTAL REWARDS of the drug.
20
Q

Physical Dependence

A
  • Caused by tolerance.
  • Can happen with small doses, even small recreational amounts.
  • Grows with dose size and length of time engaged in regular use.
21
Q

Psychological Dependence

A
  • Emotional + motivational withdrawal
  • Anxiety, anhedonia (decrease in happiness), and dysphoria.
  • Motivation to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
  • Can happen with behaviour.
22
Q

Withdrawal

A
  • Set of symptoms after stopping drug use abruptly.
  • Can be fatal for some drugs.
  • Can last for various amounts of time depending on the drug.
23
Q

“Hair of the Dog”

A

Means drinking a little bit of alcohol the next day when hungover to reduce symptoms.

24
Q

Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS)

A

Long-term withdrawal from drugs that can persist.

Signs can resemble mental illness.

Signs include:

  • iImpaired cognition, irritability, anhedonia, OCD, guilt, poor concentration, craving, sensitivity to pain, poor coordination, lack of motivation, memory deficits, emotional dysregulation, and sleep disturbances.

Inability to cope with PAWS can result in a relapse

25
Q

Incentive Salience

A
  • A way of developing addiction.
  • Brain develops a positive association with the stimulus (drug or behaviour) and the feeling of reward.
  • Develops following repetitive exposure.
  • Motivates people to keep using.
  • Relates directly to changes in the brain that may persist long after stopping.
  • “Liking” vs. “Wanting”.
26
Q

Drive Theory

A
  • A way of developing addiction.
  • Repeated drug use causes a drive (motivation) to seek a drug’s positive reinforcing effects.
  • Can be caused by a craving or a withdrawal.
  • Builds until there is access to the drug and reduces immediately after drug use.
27
Q

Behavioural Stages of Addiction

A
  • Experimental
  • Social
  • Instrumental
  • Compulsive
28
Q

Experimental (Behavioural Stage of Addiction)

A
  • Tries drugs once out of curiosity.
29
Q

Social (Behavioural Stages of Addiction)

A
  • Drug use occurs only in social settings.
30
Q

Instrumental (Behavioural Stages of Addiction)

A
  • Necessity of needing drugs to get through something.
31
Q

Compulsive (Behavioural Stages of Addiction)

A
  • Develops an obsessive relationship with the drug.
32
Q

“High Functioning Addict”

A
  • Someone who falsely believes that they are able to function normally as they continue to abuse substances.
33
Q

Alcoholism

A

Is an alcohol abuse disorder.

The most severe form of alcohol abuse.

Results in tolerance and withdrawal.

Alcoholics have all abused alcohol at some point.

  • But NOT everyone who abuses becomes an alcoholic.

Alcohol use can turn into alcoholism without intervention/treatment.

34
Q

Constraint Theory

A

Something that blocks someone from using a drug.

  • ex. religious or moral reasons, people they are close to disapprove, substance is not available, etc.
35
Q

University Binge Drinking

A
  • 4-5 drinks within 2 hours (based on gender).
  • Drinking prevalence in Canada is 82% in those aged 18-24.
  • 35% report 5+ drinks in one sitting in the last 2 weeks.
  • Rates of college binge drinking as high as 40% once a month.
  • Those who drank within the past year report at least one of 24 harms from alcohol use (physical, academic, or dependence domains).
  • Alcohol poisoning

Addictive Behaviours (4 decks)

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